Phalera bucephala (Linnaeus, 1758)

Taxonomy

class Insecta → subclass Pterygota → infraclass Neoptera → superorder Holometabola → order Lepidoptera → superfamily Noctuoidea → family Notodontidae → subfamily Phalerinae → genus Phalera → species Phalera bucephala

Species name(s)

Phalera bucephala (Linnaeus, 1758) = Phalaena bucephala Linnaeus, 1758 = lunula Retzius, 1783 = tenebrata Strand, 1903 = philonica Stauder, 1923 = velata Dannehl, 1925. [9, 10]

Buff-tip.

urn:lsid:insecta.pro:taxonomy:8353

Expansion

This species marks on the maps: 8.

Zoogeographical regions

Palaearctic.

Russia regions

#1. Kaliningradsky; #3. Karelsky; #4. Evropeisky Severo-Zapadny; #6. Evropeisky Severo-Vostochny; #8. Evropeisky Tsentralny; #9. Evropeisky Tsentralno-Chernozyomny; #10. Sredne-Volzhsky; #11. Volgo-Donsky; #12. Nizhnevolzhsky; #13. Zapadno-Kavkazsky; #14. Vostochno-Kavkazsky; #17. Yuzhno-Uralsky; #19. Sredneobsky; #20. Yuzhno-Zapadnosibirsky; #22. Krasnoyarsky; #23. Predaltaisky; #24. Gorno-Altaisky; #25. Tuvinsky; #26. Predbaikalsky; #27. Pribaikalsky; #36. Sredne-Amursky; #37. Nizhne-Amursky; #38. Sakhalin; #40. Primorsky.

Wingspan

50—68 mm.

Primary colors

Yellow, Brown/Gray/Black.

Flight time

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Detailed information with references

Distribution

Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Denmark, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Corsica, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, the Soviet Union - The European part of Turkey - European part, Finland, France, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia,Yugoslavia. [1].
Albania, Andorra, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the British Isles, France, Germany, Greece (mainland), Denmark (mainland), Ireland, Spain (mainland), Italy (mainland), Corsica Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, the Netherlands,Norway (mainland), the Channel Islands, Poland, Portugal (mainland), Romania, Russia, Sardinia, Northern Ireland, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey (European part), Ukraine, Finland, France (mainland), Croatia, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [10].
Regions of the Russian Federation: the Volga-Don, East Caucasus, Gorno-Altaisk, the European North-East, the European North-West, the European Central Black Earth, the European Central, Western Caucasus, Kaliningrad, Karelia, Krasnoyarsk, Nizhny-Amur, Lower Volga, Prealtay , of Baikal, Pribaikalskiy,Primorye, Sakhalin, Amur Medium, Medium-Volzhsky, Sredneobskaya, Tuva, South West Siberian, South Ural. [3].

Imago Habitus and Differences from alike species

Wingspan: 50-68 mm. [PC93].

Imago lifespan

May - July [PC93].

Larva food plants / other food objects

Quercus, Salix, Populus, Tilia, Betula, Fagus, Castanea, Ulmus, Prunus. [28].
Birch (Betyla), oak (Quercus), willow (Salix), poplars (Populus), Aspen (Populus tremula), Elm (Ulmus), Rose (Rosa), linden (Tilia), maple (Acer), Rowan (Sorbus) Beech (Fagus) [PC93].

Subspecies of Phalera bucephala

Phalera bucephala bucephala (Linnaeus, 1758). [10]
P. b. bucephalina (Staudinger, 1901). [10]
P. b. defecta Stauder., 1923. [187]
P. b. infulgens Graeser, 1888. [9]
P. b. persica Daniel, 1938. [187]
P. b. philonica Stauder, 1923. [187]
P. b. tenebrata (Strand, 1903). [10]
P. b. velata Dannehl, 1925. [187]

Authors

Initial species uploading to the site: Peter Khramov.

Photos: Nikolai Vladimirov, Vitaly Gumenuk.

Text data: Peter Khramov, Vasiliy Feoktistov.

The species characteristics formalization: Peter Khramov, Vasiliy Feoktistov.

References

[1] O. Karsholt, J. Razowski (eds.), 1996. The Lepidoptera of Europe: a distributional checklist
[3] Каталог чешуекрылых (Lepidoptera) России. Под ред. С. Ю. Синёва. СПб.; М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2008
[9] Tree of Life (funet.fi), 2012
[10] de Jong, Y.S.D.M. (ed.) (2011) Fauna Europaea version 2.4 (faunaeur.org)
[28] Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa (leps.it), 2012
[187] Species 2000, http://www.sp2000.org
[PC93] Vasiliy Feoktistov