Atrophaneura alcinous (Klug, 1836)

Taxonomy, synonyms and combinations

• Papilio spathatus; Papilio haemotostictus; Byasa alcinous. [PC81].

Distribution

• Regions of the Russian Federation: Seaside. [3].
• Widely distributed in China, Korea and Japan. In Russia, it found only in the south-west of Primorye, which is wedged a small northern part of its range. Colonies altsinoya known in the western parts of the Ussuri, the Nadezhda and in the north of the Khasan district.Temporary colonies observed in the eastern parts of the Ussuri and the Nadezhda district in Vladivostok on the n-ovah Sandy and Jankowski. Lives in mesophytic deciduous and coniferous-deciduous forests, which are located in areas of growth kirkazona Manchu.Distribution of species in a southwest Primorye is limited primarily to the fact that the caterpillar host plant belongs to the rare species. [96].

Imago Habitus and Differences from alike species

• The wingspan of 80-100 mm. Males have black wings on top, females ashen-gray with pronounced black veins. On the hind wings there podkraevye crescent-shaped spots ranked. The underside of the wings brighter. Caudal appendages rear wings are about equal in size-thirds of the wing (with caudal outgrowth).On the sides of the abdomen are red spots [95].

General info about Imago

• Moths of summer generation is much larger than the spring. All fly well, there are a great distance from the habitat. Females are able to migrate, as indicated by the cases of colonization landings kirkazona away from natural habitats (in the Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS in Vladivostok, on the Peninsula de Vries) [96].

Imago lifespan

• It flies in two generations - the first generation of butterflies fly from late May to mid-June, the second - from mid-July to late August. [96].

General info about Larva

• Caterpillars hold the bottom of the sheet, usually alone, causing damage to a typical ribbon-shaped scalloped notches deep into the leaf blade. The caterpillars of the summer generation pupate on the stem vine or neighboring trees and shrubs overwintering generation - on the underside of leaves kirkazona. [96].
• Just before pupation can be attached not only to the neighboring trees, but also to various metal objects. [PC238].

Larva food plants / other food objects

• Liana Manchurian Dutchman's pipe (Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom), entered into the Red Book of Russia.
  Outside Russia, the caterpillars are met, in addition to kirkazona, on the plants of the genus Kokkulus (Cocculus), family menispermaceae (Menispermaceae). [8].
• In addition Aristolochia manshuriensis fodder plant also a climber Aristolochia contorta [PC238].

Pupa

• Pupae overwintering generation attached to the underside of the leaves, with whom then fall to the ground, where they overwinter in leaf litter. [96].
• Attached via "web" to the trunk and branches of various trees and metal objects [PC238].
• The pupae are attached to the trunks and branches of trees at different heights. Starting from a few centimeters from the ground to a height of 10-15 m [PC238].
• Never saw pupae attached to the former host plant caterpillars. One gets the impression that they do not attach to it (from the literature come from data that pupae are attached to the underside of the sheet?).It turns out that just before pupation larvae crawl out of the food supply and are attached to objects on your own, where they pupate.
  Removing caterpillars and pupae of former attachment of host plants is 70 m [PC238].

Egg

• The number of eggs per clutch varies greatly: they increasingly from 3-4 to 15-17, sometimes 24-28. Egg almost spherical, its diameter is 1.4 mm. The total is close to the color of pale reddish-brown (lighter in color reddish-brown eggs give s- shaped curved rows bellied convex bumps).At the top of the egg a small cone-shaped protrusion from the side which rounded mikropillyarnaya area with brown knobby sculpture [120].

Overwintering stage

• The pupae of the second generation [95].

26.01.2014 17:27, Sergei Kotov Corrected data.

Zoogeographical regions: Indo-Malayan → Palaearctic. Wingspan: No formalized data → 80—100 mm. Flight time: No formalized data → May, June, July, August. Over-wintering stage: No formalized data → Pupa.

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Atrophaneura aidoneus (Doubleday, 1845)

Atrophaneura coon (Fabricius, 1793)

Atrophaneura crassipes (Oberthür, 1893)

Atrophaneura daemonius (Alphéraky, 1895)

Atrophaneura dasarada (Moore, 1857)

Atrophaneura dixoni (Grose-Smith, 1900)

Atrophaneura hedistus (Jordan, 1928)

Atrophaneura horishana (Matsumura, 1910)

Atrophaneura impediens (Rothschild, 1895)

Atrophaneura kuehni (Honrath, 1886)

Atrophaneura laos Riley & Godfrey, 1921

Atrophaneura latreillei (Donovan, 1826)

Atrophaneura luchti (Roepke, 1935)

Atrophaneura mencius (C. & R. Felder, 1862)

Atrophaneura neptunus (Guérin-Méneville, 1840)

Atrophaneura nevilli (Wood-Mason, 1882)

Atrophaneura nox (Swainson, 1822)

Atrophaneura palu (Martin, 1912)

Atrophaneura plutonius (Oberthür, 1876)

Atrophaneura polla (de Nicéville, 1897)

Atrophaneura polyeuctes (Doubleday, 1842)

Atrophaneura priapus (Boisduval, 1836)

Atrophaneura rhadinus Jordan, 1928

Atrophaneura rhodifer (Butler, 1876)

Atrophaneura semperi (C. & R. Felder, 1861)

Atrophaneura sycorax (Grose-Smith, 1885)

Atrophaneura varuna (White, 1842)

Atrophaneura zaleucus (Hewitson, [1865])