Xylena exsoleta (Linnaeus, 1758)

Taxonomy

class Insecta → subclass Pterygota → infraclass Neoptera → superorder Holometabola → order Lepidoptera → superfamily Noctuoidea → family Noctuidae → subfamily Noctuinae → tribe Xylenini → subtribe Xylenina → genus Xylena → subgenus Xylena → species Xylena exsoleta

Species name(s)

Xylena (Xylena) exsoleta (Linnaeus, 1758) = Phalaena exsoleta Linnaeus, 1758 = Phalaena Noctua exsoleta Linnaeus, 1758. [9, 10]

Sword-grass.

urn:lsid:insecta.pro:taxonomy:8138

Expansion

This species marks on the maps: 2.

Zoogeographical regions

Palaearctic.

Russia regions

#1. Kaliningradsky; #4. Evropeisky Severo-Zapadny; #7. Evropeisky yuzhno-tayozhny; #8. Evropeisky Tsentralny; #9. Evropeisky Tsentralno-Chernozyomny; #10. Sredne-Volzhsky; #11. Volgo-Donsky; #13. Zapadno-Kavkazsky; #14. Vostochno-Kavkazsky; #17. Yuzhno-Uralsky; #19. Sredneobsky; #20. Yuzhno-Zapadnosibirsky; #22. Krasnoyarsky; #23. Predaltaisky; #25. Tuvinsky; #26. Predbaikalsky; #34. Kamchatsky; #36. Sredne-Amursky; #38. Sakhalin; #40. Primorsky.

Forewing length

26—33 mm.

Primary colors

Brown/Gray/Black.

Flight time

 					January 					February 					March 					April 					May 					June 					July 					August 					September 					October 					November 					December 			

Larva lifespan

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Detailed information with references

Distribution

Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Denmark, Greece, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, the Soviet Union - the European part Finland, France, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [1].
Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the British Isles, France, Germany, Greece (mainland), Denmark (mainland), Ireland, Iceland, Spain (mainland), Italy (mainland), Canary Islands, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Madeira, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, the Netherlands,Norway (mainland), the Channel Islands, Poland, Portugal (mainland), Romania, Russia, Sardinia, Northern Ireland, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Finland, France (mainland), Croatia, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [10].
Regions of the Russian Federation: the Volga-Don, East Caucasus, the European North-West, the European Central Black Earth, the European Central European South taiga, the Western Caucasus, Kaliningrad, Kamchatka, Krasnoyarsk, Prealtay, of Baikal, Primorye, Sakhalin, Mid-Amur , Mid-Volzhsky, Sredneobskaya,Tuva, South West Siberian, South Ural. [3].
All of Europe at an altitude of 2000 m. In southern Europe less. [5].
Kazakhstan [PC1149].

Imago Habitus and Differences from alike species

Length of front wing 2,6-3,3 cm. Despite its name, the butterfly, even larger thanXylena vetusta. The transverse bands are hardly distinguishable, but the black bar does not reach spots. The hind wings are dark brown. [5].

General info about Imago

Butterfly flies over the sunny slopes and in the woods. [5].

Imago lifespan

From late August to mid-May. [5].

Larva food plants / other food objects

Rumex, Sambucus, Euphorbia, Iris, Myrica, Silene, Ononis, Geranium, Stachys, Serratula, Sedum, Petasites and other low-growing plants. [28].
Spurge, pigweed. [5].

Larva lifespan

C-May to mid-July. [5].

Overwintering stage

Adult butterflies overwinter on the ground. [5].

Subspecies of Xylena exsoleta

Xylena exsoleta canaria Pinker, 1969. [9]
X. e. canaria (Pinker, 1968). [10]
X. e. exsoleta. [9]
X. e. exsoleta (Linnaeus, 1758). [10]
X. e. maltensis Fibiger, Sammut, Seguna & Catania, 2006. [9]
X. e. maltensis (Fibiger, Sammut, Seguna & Catania 2006). [10]

Authors

Initial species uploading to the site: Peter Khramov.

Photos: Sergey Novitckiy.

Text data: Peter Khramov, Alexander Belousov.

The species characteristics formalization: Peter Khramov.

References

[1] O. Karsholt, J. Razowski (eds.), 1996. The Lepidoptera of Europe: a distributional checklist
[3] Каталог чешуекрылых (Lepidoptera) России. Под ред. С. Ю. Синёва. СПб.; М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2008
[5] Райххолф-Рим Х. Бабочки. М.: Астрель, 2002
[9] Tree of Life (funet.fi), 2012
[10] de Jong, Y.S.D.M. (ed.) (2011) Fauna Europaea version 2.4 (faunaeur.org)
[28] Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa (leps.it), 2012
[PC1149] Alexander Belousov