Acentria ephemerella (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775)

Taxonomy, synonyms and combinations

• Acentropus niveus [11].

Distribution

• Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Denmark, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Slovakia, the Soviet Union - the European part, Finland, France, Czech Republic, Switzerland Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [1].
• Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, the British Isles, France, Germany, Denmark (mainland), Ireland, Spain (mainland), Italy (mainland), Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway (mainland), Poland Portugal (mainland), Romania, Russia, Sardinia, Slovakia, Ukraine, Finland,France (mainland), Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia. [10].
• Regions of the Russian Federation: the Volga-Don, the European North-West, the European Central Black Earth, Central European, European southern taiga, the Western Caucasus, Kaliningrad, Karelia, Mid-Volzhsky, South Ural. [3].
• Almost all of Europe. [5].

Imago Habitus and Differences from alike species

• The front wings are pointed, long Oklo 6 mm. Females are slightly larger than males and, mainly in the north of the range, with rudimentary wings. On his feet - swimming setae, females with rudimentary wings live under water, and fertilization of the water expose the abdomen. [5].
• Females come in two forms: have a fully developed wings and more wings of the male, the other barely outlined. The wings are white, front - with brown veins. The wingspan of 12 to 16 mm. [11].

General info about Imago

• Venue: the lake, overgrown with water plants. [5].

Imago lifespan

• Summer (concrete flight of time is strongly dependent on the region). [5].

General info about Larva

• The caterpillars live and pupate in Case consists underwater. [5].
• The caterpillar lives outside the sheet, but sometimes gnaws inside the stem. Living on the surface of the sheet, arrange a tire track from a piece of gnawed-off, under which lurks. Pupate in a cocoon attached to the stem or to the bottom surface of the sheet.Cocoon is filled with air penetrating into it from the stem through the hole, Wormholes (like beetles Donaciinae). [11].

Larva food plants / other food objects

• Elodea, Potamogeton, Chara, caterpillars live under water to a depth of 2 meters. [28].
• Submerged aquatic plants in the first place - waterweed. [5].
• Pondweed, hornwort, water chestnuts, arrowhead (in food are floating leaves). [11].

Larva lifespan

• From July to the beginning of June next year. [5].

Overwintering stage

• Caterpillar. [5].

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Meliscaeva cinctella Zetterstedt, 1843

Syrphidae

Merodon equestris Fabricius, 1794

Syrphidae

Lucilia caesar Linnaeus, 1758

Calliphoridae

Strymon cestri (Reakirt, [1867])

Lycaenidae

Helophilus hybridus Loew, 1846

Syrphidae