Cossus cossus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Taxonomy

class Insecta → subclass Pterygota → infraclass Neoptera → superorder Holometabola → order Lepidoptera → superfamily Cossoidea → family Cossidae → subfamily Cossinae → genus Cossus → species Cossus cossus

Species name(s)

Cossus cossus (Linnaeus, 1758).

Goat Moth.

urn:lsid:insecta.pro:taxonomy:2898

Expansion

This species marks on the maps: 4.

Zoogeographical regions

Palaearctic.

Russia regions

#1. Kaliningradsky; #2. Kolsky; #3. Karelsky; #4. Evropeisky Severo-Zapadny; #6. Evropeisky Severo-Vostochny; #7. Evropeisky yuzhno-tayozhny; #8. Evropeisky Tsentralny; #9. Evropeisky Tsentralno-Chernozyomny; #10. Sredne-Volzhsky; #11. Volgo-Donsky; #12. Nizhnevolzhsky; #13. Zapadno-Kavkazsky; #14. Vostochno-Kavkazsky; #15. Severo-Uralsky; #16. Sredne-Uralsky; #17. Yuzhno-Uralsky; #19. Sredneobsky; #20. Yuzhno-Zapadnosibirsky; #22. Krasnoyarsky; #23. Predaltaisky; #24. Gorno-Altaisky; #25. Tuvinsky; #26. Predbaikalsky; #27. Pribaikalsky; #28. Zabaikalsky; #31. Yuzhno-Yakutsky; #32. Chukotsky; #36. Sredne-Amursky; #37. Nizhne-Amursky; #38. Sakhalin; #39. Yuzhno-Kurilsky*; #40. Primorsky.

* An asterisk denotes a region for which the species is listed as an migrant or information that requires additional checking.

Forewing length

32—44 mm.

Primary colors

Brown/Gray/Black.

Flight time

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Larva lifespan

 					January 					February 					March 					April 					May 					June 					July 					August 					September 					October 					November 					December 			

Detailed information with references

Distribution

Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Denmark, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, the Soviet Union - the European part Turkey - European part, Finland, France, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [1].
Albania, Andorra, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the British Isles, France, Germany, Greece (mainland), Denmark (mainland), Dodecanese Islands, Ireland, Spain (mainland), Italy (mainland ), Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway (mainland)Channel Islands, Poland, Portugal (mainland), Romania, Russia, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey (European part), Ukraine, Finland, France (mainland), Croatia, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia . [10].
Regions of the Russian Federation: the Volga-Don, East Caucasus, Gorno-Altaisk, the European North-East, the European North-West, the European Central Black Earth, the European Central European South taiga, Transbaikalia, Western Caucasus, Kaliningrad, Karelia, Kola, Krasnoyarsk, Nizhne-Amur, Lower Volga,Prealtay, of Baikal, Pribaikalskiy, Primorye, Sakhalin, the North Urals, Mid-Amur, Mid-Volzhsky, Mid-Ural, Sredneobskaya, Tuva, Chukotka, South West Siberian, South Kuril (?), South Ural, South Yakutia . [3].
Ареал — вся Европа, лишь бы росли ивы. Кроме Европы — Северная Африка, умеренная Азия. В Альпах — до 1500 м. [85].

Imago Habitus and Differences from alike species

Wingspan 80-85 mm, wings rigid, gray in thick black lines cross. [11].
Длина переднего крыла — от 3,2 до 4,4 см. Крупная, толстая бабочка с крыльями неприметной окраски. Самки крупнее самцов, оба пола в покое складывают крылья кровлеобразно. Хоботок бабочек редуцирован — имаго пахучих древоточцев не питаются. [85].

General info about Imago

Imago comes from a strong unpleasant smell. [11].
Бабочки летают ночью, всюду, где имеются в наличии ивы — вдоль ручьев и рек, на лугах и в парках, иногда в смешанных лесах. [85].

Imago lifespan

Butterflies appear in nature since the end of June, mostly in July, and depending on the geographical location, sometimes until mid-August. [61].
Время лёта: конец мая — начало августа. [85].

General info about Larva

Larvae up to 80 mm in length and more. She body-reddish-yellow, red meat on top. It can chew the box if you do it there on time, place.
Young larvae gnaw at the bark, and then go into hibernation hardwood where gnaw wide, longitudinal (usually) moves.Wintered for the second time, the caterpillar "okuklyaetsya" (now customary to say "pupate"), near the exit to the outside or even near a tree.
Defeats carpenter tree produces quite a strong smell of wood vinegar, and "out of the holes in his bowel movements crust stick caterpillars: ejection of the caterpillar gnaws through special holes."Most carpenter inhabits old and diseased trees, but not always. Caterpillar itself strong and unpleasant smell.
And the tracks are sometimes called sepulchral worms. Although graves (underground) and they do not occur. [11].
Первое время личинки Cossus cossus кормятся под корой и живут там же. Затем они вгрызаются в древесину и проделывают в ней многочисленные глубокие ходы, перемещаясь сначала вверх, а затем вниз внутри ствола дерева. Так гусеницы живут несколько лет — до четырех сезонов, после чего достигают размеров в 10 см. В случае гибели дерева (например, из-за большого количества древоточцев в нем) личинки вынуждены уходить в поисках другого. [85].

Larva food plants / other food objects

Betula, Salix, Populus, Ulmus, Tilia, Quercus, Alnus, Malus, Sorbus, Fraxinus, Prunus. [28].
Willow, poplar, alder, elm, birch, oak. [11].
Ива. Еще — осина и береза, плодовые деревья, а также другие лиственные деревья в качестве исключения. [85].

Larva lifespan

Гусеница живет с августа по май, зачастую зимует несколько раз. [85].

Egg

Eggs are laid in June and July, a deep crack in the crust, with the help of the ovipositor. [11].
Самки откладывают множество яиц, кучками в трещины коры на стволах деревьев. [85].

Overwintering stage

Caterpillar twice. [11].
Гусеница. [85].

Subspecies of Cossus cossus

Cossus cossus afghanistana Daniel, 1953. [187]
C. c. aremniacus Rothschild, 1912. [187]
C. c. armeniacus Rothschild, 1912. [9]
C. c. chinensis Rothschild, 1912. [187]
C. c. cossus. [9]
C. c. deserta Daniel, 1969. [187]
C. c. gueruenensis Friedel, 1977. [9]
C. c. kossai Wiltshire, 1957. [9]
C. c. omrana Wiltshire, 1957. [187]
C. c. orientalis Gaede, 1929. [187]
C. c. stygianus Stichel, 1908. [187]
C. c. uralicus Seitz, 1912. [187]

Authors

Initial species uploading to the site: Peter Khramov.

Photos: Natalia Demchenko.

Text data: Peter Khramov, Vasiliy Feoktistov.

The species characteristics formalization: Peter Khramov, Vasiliy Feoktistov.

References

[1] O. Karsholt, J. Razowski (eds.), 1996. The Lepidoptera of Europe: a distributional checklist
[3] Каталог чешуекрылых (Lepidoptera) России. Под ред. С. Ю. Синёва. СПб.; М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2008
[9] Tree of Life (funet.fi), 2012
[10] de Jong, Y.S.D.M. (ed.) (2011) Fauna Europaea version 2.4 (faunaeur.org)
[11] Жизнь животных по А. Э. Брему. Т.2: Членистоногие. М.: Учпедгиз РСФСР, 1941
[28] Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa (leps.it), 2012
[61] Новак В., Грозинка Ф., Стары Б. Атлас насекомых-вредителей лесных пород. Прага: Государственное сельскохозяйственное издательство, 1974
[85] Lepidoptera species catalogue, Lepidoptera.ru, 2015
[187] Species 2000, http://www.sp2000.org