Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775)

Taxonomy

class Insecta → subclass Pterygota → infraclass Neoptera → superorder Holometabola → order Lepidoptera → superfamily Papilionoidea → family Lycaenidae → subfamily Polyommatinae → tribe Polyommatini → genus Polyommatus → subgenus Polyommatus → species Polyommatus icarus

Species name(s)

Polyommatus (Polyommatus) icarus (Rottemburg, 1775) = Papilio icarus Rottemburg, 1775 = Papilio argus Poda, 1761 = Papilio alexis Scopoli, 1763 = Papilio thetis Esper, 1777 = Papilio pampholyge Bergsträsser, 1779 = Papilio candybus Bergsträsser, 1779 = Papilio candiope Bergsträsser, 1779 = Papilio candaon Bergsträsser, 1779 = Papilio oceanus Bergsträsser, 1779 = Papilio polyphemus Esper, 1779 = Papilio fusciolus Fourcroy, 1785 = icarinus (Scharfenberg, 1791) = oebalus (Hofmannsegg, 1804) = iphis Meigen, 1830 = pusillus (Gerhard, 1851) = zelleri Verity, 1919 = Lycaena taurica Venzmer, 1920 = Polyommatus (icarus) icarus = Lycaena alexis Herrich-Schäffer, 1844 = Polyommatus dorylas Jermyn 1827 = Polyommatus flavocinctata Rowland-Brown 1909. [9, 10, 187]

Common Blue.

urn:lsid:insecta.pro:taxonomy:8507

Expansion

This species marks on the maps: 14.

Zoogeographical regions

Palaearctic.

Russia regions

#1. Kaliningradsky; #2. Kolsky; #3. Karelsky; #4. Evropeisky Severo-Zapadny; #5. Nenetsko-Novozemelsky tundrovy; #6. Evropeisky Severo-Vostochny; #7. Evropeisky yuzhno-tayozhny; #8. Evropeisky Tsentralny; #9. Evropeisky Tsentralno-Chernozyomny; #10. Sredne-Volzhsky; #11. Volgo-Donsky; #12. Nizhnevolzhsky; #13. Zapadno-Kavkazsky; #14. Vostochno-Kavkazsky; #15. Severo-Uralsky; #16. Sredne-Uralsky; #17. Yuzhno-Uralsky; #18. Nizhneobsky; #19. Sredneobsky; #20. Yuzhno-Zapadnosibirsky; #21. Severo-Yeniseisky; #22. Krasnoyarsky; #23. Predaltaisky; #24. Gorno-Altaisky; #25. Tuvinsky; #26. Predbaikalsky; #27. Pribaikalsky; #28. Zabaikalsky; #31. Yuzhno-Yakutsky; #35. Sredne-Okhotsky; #36. Sredne-Amursky; #37. Nizhne-Amursky; #38. Sakhalin; #39. Yuzhno-Kurilsky; #40. Primorsky.

Forewing length

12—15 mm.

Primary colors

Orange, Blue, Brown/Gray/Black, White.

Flight time

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Larva lifespan

 					January 					February 					March 					April 					May 					June 					July 					August 					September 					October 					November 					December 			

Detailed information with references

Distribution

Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Denmark, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Corsica, Crete, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, Turkey - European part, Finland, France, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [1].
Albania, Andorra, the Balearic Islands, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the British Isles, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece (mainland), Denmark (mainland), Dodecanese Islands, Ireland, Spain (mainland) Italy (mainland), the Canary Islands, Cyprus, Corsica, Crete, Latvia,Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Netherlands, Norway (mainland), the Channel Islands, Poland, Portugal (mainland), Romania, Russia, Sardinia, Northern Ireland, Northern Aegean Islands, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey ( European part), Ukraine, Finland, France (mainland), Croatia,Cycladic Islands, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [10].
Regions of the Russian Federation: the Volga-Don, East Caucasus, Gorno-Altaisk, the European North-East, the European North-West, the European Central Black Earth, the European Central European South taiga, Transbaikalia, Western Caucasus, Kaliningrad, Karelia, Kola, Krasnoyarsk, the Nenets tundra-Novaya Zemlya,Nizhne-Amur, Lower Volga, Nizhneobsky, Prealtay, of Baikal, Pribaikalskiy, Primorye, Sakhalin, the North-Yenisei, the North Urals, Mid-Amur, Mid-Volzhsky, Average Okhotsk, Mid-Ural, Sredneobskaya, Tuva, South West Siberian, South Kuril, South Ural, South Yakutia. [3].
Ареал — вся Европа, все острова Средиземного моря, в горах на высоте до 2000 м. [85].

Imago Habitus and Differences from alike species

Длина переднего крыла 1,2—1,5 см. На исподе желтые пятна по краю крыльев и множество разбросанных черных пятен. [85].

General info about Imago

Икары предпочитают солнечные, сухие местообитания. [85].

Imago lifespan

Бабочка дает до трех поколений в году, но чаще только два: первая генерация активна в мае—июне, вторая — с июля по сентябрь. Третья генерация бывает (если бывает) в октябре. [85].

Larva food plants / other food objects

Бобовые: клевер, стальник и другие. [85].

Larva lifespan

.Гусеницы Polyommatus icarus встречаются с сентября по май и с июня по июль, зимуют. [85].

Overwintering stage

Гусеница. [85].

Subspecies of Polyommatus icarus

Polyommatus icarus alexis Scopoli, 1763. [187]
P. i. alsus Scopoli, 1763. [187]
P. i. ammosovi (Kurenzov, 1970). [9]
P. i. analijuncta Beuret, 1926. [187]
P. i. anticeolunata Verity, 1943. [187]
P. i. balearica Rebel, 1926. [187]
P. i. bellicarus Bryk, 1940. [187]
P. i. biarcuata Fritsch, 1910. [187]
P. i. casanensis Krulikovski, 1890. [187]
P. i. clara Tutt, 1896. [187]
P. i. eros Stephens, 1827. [187]
P. i. fuchsi (Sheljuzhko, 1928). [9]
P. i. fugitiva (Butler, 1881). [9]
P. i. girschitschi Schneeur, 1934. [187]
P. i. icarinus Scriba, 1791. [187]
P. i. icarius Stephens, 1827. [187]
P. i. icarus. [9]
P. i. iphis Meigen, 1830. [187]
P. i. labienus Jermyns, 1825. [187]
P. i. lacon Jermyns, 1825. [187]
P. i. lucia Culot, 1905. [187]
P. i. mariscolore (Kane, 1893). [9]
P. i. menahensis Stauder, 1913. [187]
P. i. napaea (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891). [9]
P. i. omelkoi Dubatolov & Korshunov, 1995. [9]
P. i. persica Bienert, 1869. [187]
P. i. postclara Graves, 1930. [187]
P. i. pulcherrima Verity, 1919. [187]
P. i. rasa Verity, 1920. [187]
P. i. rosina Holl, 1913. [187]
P. i. rufoprivata Verity, 1926. [187]
P. i. sardoa Wagner, 1909. [187]
P. i. septentrionalis Fuchs, 1900. [187]
P. i. superocellata Lempke, 1955. [187]
P. i. thestylis Jermyns, 1825. [187]
P. i. transvehens Verity & Querci, 1924. [187]
P. i. turanica Rühl, 1895. [187]
P. i. tutti Oberthür, 1910. [187]
P. i. wiskotti Courvoisier, 1911. [187]
P. i. zelleri Verity, 1919. [187]

Authors

Initial species uploading to the site: Peter Khramov.

Photos: Peter Khramov, Viktor Kolesnikov.

Text data: Peter Khramov.

The species characteristics formalization: Peter Khramov.

References

[1] O. Karsholt, J. Razowski (eds.), 1996. The Lepidoptera of Europe: a distributional checklist
[3] Каталог чешуекрылых (Lepidoptera) России. Под ред. С. Ю. Синёва. СПб.; М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2008
[9] Tree of Life (funet.fi), 2012
[10] de Jong, Y.S.D.M. (ed.) (2011) Fauna Europaea version 2.4 (faunaeur.org)
[85] Lepidoptera species catalogue, Lepidoptera.ru, 2015
[187] Species 2000, http://www.sp2000.org