Gluphisia crenata (Esper, 1785)

Distribution

• Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, the Soviet Union - the European part, Finland, France, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia , Yugoslavia. [1].
• Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the British Isles, France, Germany, Denmark (mainland), Spain (mainland), Italy (mainland), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway (mainland), the Channel Islands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Ukraine,Finland, France (mainland), Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [10].
• Regions of the Russian Federation: the Volga-Don, Gorno-Altaisk, the European North-East, the European North-West, the European Central Black Earth, the European Central, Trans-Baikal, Kaliningrad, Karelia, Nizhne-Amur, Prealtay, of Baikal, Primorye, Sakhalin, Mid-Amur , Mid-Volzhsky, Sredneobskaya,South West Siberian, South Ural. [3].

Imago Habitus and Differences from alike species

• Wingspan: 30-33 mm. [PC93].
• The male's forewing is 1.7 cm long, which is unusually short for a crested female. On the rear edge of the front wing is a characteristic denticle, but not too noticeable. The wing color is brownish-gray, in general, the butterfly is inconspicuous. Subspecies ssp crenata is distinguished by a lighter median field on the forewings, the shape of ssp vertuna is darker.Gluphisia crenata crenata flies in Southern as well as Southwestern Germany. Gluphisia crenata vertuna is known from Central, Eastern and Northern Germany, Belgium, and also from southeastern Germany (from Eastern Bavaria), [85].

General info about Imago

• The undulating silkworm flies at night in moist and warm places, for example, in floodplain forests or in sunny warm clearings and clearings. More often it is kept in the crowns of poplars. [85].

Imago lifespan

• From the end of April to August, without interruptions. In some areas, breaks still occur, for example, in Southern Germany, the first generation flies from April to June, then a break until August, after which the second generation of butterflies begins to fly. [85].

General info about Larva

• The larvae of the dark gray wavy silkworm are hairless. [85].

Larva food plants / other food objects

• Populus, Salix. [28].
• Poplar (Populus), Aspen (Populus tremula), willow (Salix) [PC93].
• Различные виды тополей. [85].

Larva lifespan

• June—September. In the northern part of the range, caterpillars are active in August, in the southern part-in June and August. [85].

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Gluphisia avimacula Hudson, 1891

Gluphisia lintneri (Grote, 1877)

Gluphisia oxiana (Djakonov, 1927)

Gluphisia septentrionis Walker, 1855

Gluphisia severa Hy. Edwards, 1886

Gluphisia wrightii Hy. Edwards, 1886