Pyronia tithonus (Linnaeus, 1767)

Имаго (Pyronia tithonus)

Taxonomy

class Insecta → subclass Pterygota → infraclass Neoptera → superorder Holometabola → order Lepidoptera → superfamily Papilionoidea → family Nymphalidae → subfamily Satyrinae → tribe Maniolini → genus Pyronia → subgenus Pyronia → species Pyronia tithonus

Species name(s)

Pyronia (Pyronia) tithonus (Linnaeus, 1767) = Epinephele tithonus = Papilio tithonus Linnaeus, 1771 = Pyronia tithone Hübner, [1819] = Epinephele tithonus distincta Rothschild, 1933 = Epinephele tithonus decolorata Fruhstorfer, 1909 = Maniola tithonus = Maniola albinotica Goodson, 1960 = Epinephele bimaculata Gussich, 1917 = Pyronia completa Lempke 1934 = Maniola depupillata Goodson, 1960 = Pyronia infraunicolora Lempke 1934 = Epinephele lesoudiera Le Moult, 1938 = Pyronia lineigera Lempke 1957 = Epinephele lucida Byles, 1940 = Epinephele ormaculata Gussich, 1917 = Pyronia postaeca Peerdeman 1962 = Pyronia postalbipuncta Peerdeman 1962 = Pyronia posticeinocellata Lempke 1934 = Epinephele unipupillata Pionneau, 1936 = Pyronia venata Lempke 1957 = Epinephele vernetensis Oberthür, 1937. [9, 10, 85, 187]

Gatekeeper.

urn:lsid:insecta.pro:taxonomy:8717

Expansion

Zoogeographical regions

Palaearctic.

Forewing length

16—20 mm.

Primary colors

Orange, Brown/Gray/Black.

Flight time

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Larva lifespan

 					January 					February 					March 					April 					May 					June 					July 					August 					September 					October 					November 					December 			

Имаго (Pyronia tithonus)

Detailed information with references

Taxonomy, synonyms and combinations

Epinephele tithonus. [85].

Distribution

Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Denmark, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Corsica, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, the Soviet Union - the European part of Turkey - European part of France, Switzerland, Yugoslavia. [1].
Albania, Andorra, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the British Isles, France, Germany, Greece (mainland), Denmark (mainland), Ireland, Spain (mainland), Italy (mainland), Corsica, Luxembourg, Macedonia Malta, the Netherlands, the Channel Islands, Poland, Portugal (mainland), Romania,Sardinia, Slovenia, Turkey (European part), Ukraine, France (mainland), Croatia, Czech Republic ?, Switzerland, Sweden and Yugoslavia. [10].
Range: Europe up to 52° N. Asia Minor. [85].

Imago Habitus and Differences from alike species

The length of the forewing ranges from 1.6 to 2 cm. The characteristic red-brown wing zones are lighter and more extensive in males than in females. Eyes with two white spots inside. In addition to the front, the eyes can also carry the rear wings. In the latter case, the peephole will have only one core, not two. On the underside of the forewings there is also an eye with two dots inside; the underside of the hindwings of Pyronia tithonus is darker, with a yellowish band and a number of eyes on it. [85].

General info about Imago

Yellow-brown krupnoglazka can be found both in wet and dry meadows, as well as in deciduous-mixed forests. [85].

Imago lifespan

From July (June — Lampert, 2003) to August. [85].

General info about Larva

The body of the caterpillar is green, with a reddish line on the back and light stripes on the sides. The head is gray-brown, the stripes on it are brown, without grayness. [85].

Larva food plants / other food objects

Gramineae. [28].
Гусеница P. tithonus как всегда питается злаками. Мятликом однолетним. Бором развесистым. И другими. [85].

Larva lifespan

Caterpillar: from September to June. [85].

Pupa

The pupa is green-gray, angular. [85].

Overwintering stage

The caterpillar overwinters. [85].

Subspecies of Pyronia tithonus

Pyronia tithonus alpinus Le MoultLe Moult, 1938. [187]
P. t. armoricanus Le Moult, 1938. [187]
P. t. bajocassensis Le Moult, 1938. [187]
P. t. celticus Le Moult, 1938. [187]
P. t. distincta Rothschild, 1933. [187]
P. t. infrafulva de Sagarra, 1930. [187]
P. t. infrafusca Verity, 1937. [187]
P. t. infrafuscissima Verity, 1937. [187]
P. t. paratransiens Verity, 1937. [187]
P. t. pardoi Agenjo, 1941. [187]
P. t. portugesa Bryk, 1940. [187]
P. t. pyrenaicus Le Moult, 1938. [187]

Authors

Initial species uploading to the site: Peter Khramov.

Photos: Vlad Proklov.

Text data: Peter Khramov.

The species characteristics formalization: Peter Khramov.

References

[1] O. Karsholt, J. Razowski (eds.), 1996. The Lepidoptera of Europe: a distributional checklist
[9] Tree of Life (funet.fi), 2012
[10] de Jong, Y.S.D.M. (ed.) (2011) Fauna Europaea version 2.4 (faunaeur.org)
[28] Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa (leps.it), 2012
[85] Lepidoptera species catalogue, Lepidoptera.ru, 2015
[187] Species 2000, http://www.sp2000.org