Zeuzera pyrina (Linnaeus, 1761)

Distribution

• Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Denmark, Greece, Spain, Italy, Corsica, Crete, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, USSR - the European part of Turkey - European part of France, the Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [1].
• Albania, Andorra, the Balearic Islands, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the British Isles, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece (mainland), Denmark (mainland), Dodecanese Islands, Spain (mainland), Italy (mainland), Cyprus, Corsica, Crete, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia,Malta, the Netherlands, Norway (mainland), the Channel Islands, Poland, Portugal (mainland), Romania, Russia, Sardinia, North Aegean Islands, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey (European part), Ukraine, Finland, France (mainland part), Croatia, Cycladic, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia,Yugoslavia. [10].
• Regions of the Russian Federation: the Volga-Don, East Caucasus, the European North-West (?), The European Central Black Earth, Central European, Western Caucasus, Lower Volga, Mid-Volzhsky, South West Siberian (?), South Ural. [3].
• The whole of Europe. [5].

Imago Habitus and Differences from alike species

• Length of front wing - 1,6-3 cm. The females reach up to 3.5 cm. Painting white with black spots of different sizes, on the back of 6 blue spots, similar to the dice. The antennae of males - comb up the middle. [5].
• The wingspan of up to 70 mm. Butterfly white, in small angular blue-black spots. [11].

General info about Imago

• Parks and avenues, the neighborhood of mixed forests - a meeting place with a butterfly. Corrosive drevesnitsa active at night, when she can successfully catch the light. Butterflies do not fly often, even when grossly disturbed. [5].
• Moths fly hard. [11].

Imago lifespan

• Beginning of June - the end of August. [5].
• From June to July. [11].

General info about Larva

• Although the larvae of this moth for behavior similar to caterpillarsCossus cossus, they penetrate into the wood immediately after hatching from eggs and moves done in the smaller branches, moving as they mature into larger, but still remain within the young shoots. Track dorostayut only up to 4 cm in thickness and they are less larvae Cossus cossus.Live caterpillars at least 2 years. [5].
• Caterpillar yellowish-white, with black hairy tubercles. Larvae length - 60 mm. Young caterpillars bites in the shoots and leaf petioles and in the kidneys, gnawing them from the inside. In the autumn the larvae move on young branches, which gnaw tunnels under the bark and hardwood.Wintered here, the tracks go in the spring to a thick branch or to the trunk, where during the summer sharpen their final moves. The course consists of a broad inlet chamber and exhaust from it in wood Channel, which soon goes up. Here, the caterpillar will be winter again.Next spring the larva drevesnitsy bring progress to the full-length (14-20 cm) and a width of 1 cm and pupate in the upper part of the channel, cut off its transverse partition.
  Caterpillar provides its course clean and throws out a bowel movement (as it may be contaminated uzant tree). [11].

Larva food plants / other food objects

• Salix, Corylus, Quercus, Acer, Alnus, Fagus, Fraxinus, Crataegus, Prunus, Malus. [28].
• Often - buckeye. And generally - larvae were found 150 species of deciduous trees. [5].
• Maple, lime, apple, beech, elm, ash and other deciduous trees, rarely - coniferous (spruce). [11].

Larva lifespan

• Caterpillars live from August to April. [5].

Pupa

• Pupation occurs in one of the moves within the timber escape for dolls are characterized by high mobility - before the release of half of adults they protrude outwards. [5].

Egg

• Females lay eggs Zeuzera pyrina not without the help of a long ovipositor, one by one, into the cracks of the bark of trees. [5].
• Eggs are laid mainly on the tops of the trees, they are glued to the female alone bark of young shoots. [11].

Overwintering stage

• Caterpillar. [5].
• Caterpillar twice. [11].

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Zeuzera aburae Plötz, 1880

Zeuzera aetes Druce, 1901

Zeuzera aglospila Turner, 1915

Zeuzera ariana Grum-Grshimailo, 1899

Zeuzera asylas Cramer, 1777

Zeuzera aurivillii Kirby, 1892

Zeuzera boisduvalii Herrich-Schäffer, 1855

Zeuzera burgersi Gaede, 1933

Zeuzera canadensis Herrich-Schäffer, 1854

Zeuzera caudata Joicey & Talbot, 1916

Zeuzera coffeae Nietner, 1861

Zeuzera conferta Walker, 1856

Zeuzera congerens Swinhoe, 1892

Zeuzera coscinopa Lower, 1901

Zeuzera eumitra Turner, 1927

Zeuzera helenae le Cerf, 1924

Zeuzera indica Herrich-Schäffer, 1854

Zeuzera kochi Semper, 1898

Zeuzera leuconotum Butler, 1881

Zeuzera lineata Gaede, 1933

Zeuzera masoni Schaus, 1894

Zeuzera mixta Pagenstecher, 1888

Zeuzera moderata Walker, 1856

Zeuzera multistrigata Moore, 1881

Zeuzera nepalense Daniel, 1962

Zeuzera neuropunctata Gaede, 1933

Zeuzera neuroxantha Lower, 1900

Zeuzera nubila Staudinger, 1895

Zeuzera nuristanensis Daniel, 1964

Zeuzera pantasema Lower, 1915

Zeuzera pardicolor Moore, 1879

Zeuzera perigypsa Lower, 1915

Zeuzera petax Wallengren, 1860

Zeuzera postexcisa Hampson, 1892

Zeuzera quieta Turner, 1932

Zeuzera ramosa Schaus, 1892

Zeuzera ramuscula Dyar, 1906

Zeuzera recticulata Joicey & Talbot, 1916

Zeuzera regia (Staudinger, [1892])

Zeuzera reticulata Joicey & Talbot, 1916

Zeuzera rhabdota Jordan, 1932

Zeuzera roxana Druce, 1911

Zeuzera speyeri Austaut, 1897

Zeuzera sponda Wallengren, 1875

Zeuzera tigrina Herrich-Schäffer, 1853

Zeuzera tripartita Lucas, 1894

Zeuzera undulosa Druce, 1911

Zeuzera vittata Walker, 1856

Zeuzera yuennani Daniel, 1940