Hepialus humuli (Linnaeus, 1758)

Distribution

• Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Denmark, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, the Soviet Union - the European part, Finland, France, Czech Republic Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [1].
• Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the British Isles, France, Germany, Greece (mainland)?Denmark (mainland), Ireland, Spain (mainland), Italy (mainland), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway (mainland), the Channel Islands, Poland, Russia, Romania, Northern Ireland Slovakia, Ukraine, Faroe Islands, Finland, France (mainland), Czech Republic,Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [10].
• Regions of the Russian Federation: the Volga-Don, East Caucasus, the European Northeast, the European North-West, the European Central Black Earth, Central European, European southern taiga, the Western Caucasus, Kaliningrad, Krasnoyarsk, Nizhny-Amur (?) Prealtay, Pribaikalskiy, North Yenisei, the North Urals, Mid-Amur (?) Mid-Volzhsky, Mid-Ural, Sredneobskaya, South West Siberian, South Ural. [3].
• Habitat types - Moderate Europe to Lapland in the north. Get to the height of 2000 m. [5].

Imago Habitus and Differences from alike species

• Length of front wing - 2 or even 3.5 cm: the females are much larger than males. In addition, individuals of different sexes differ in color - male shiny, silver-white, and yellow with orange female figure (front wings) and brownish (rear). As usual, the abdomen of females more weighty. Antennae in females and males are short. [5].
• Both males and females are covered with yellowish hairs underside of the wings of both sexes blackish-gray. Top different: snow-white male, female yellow with reddish stains. The hind wings are grayish females. The wingspan of the species - from 42 to 68 mm. [11].

General info about Imago

• Hop hepialidae prefer to fly at dusk on the wet lowlands. Parks, fields and fallow land for a less interesting, but meet him there - it is also quite a commonplace.At dusk the first hop hepialidae males fly, but fly long, fast settling here and there and starting to allocate scents leading to the excited state of females who fly later. Next - pairing. [5].
• Prefers dampish place. [11].

Imago lifespan

• Imago occur from late May to mid-August. [5].

General info about Larva

• After the appearance of the light and short feeding caterpillars overwinter, then feed all summer, growing up to next autumn, winter for the second time, and only then pupate on the ground, in the tubular nest. [5].
• Caterpillar yellowish, with black dots and a brown head. He lives in the soil. [11].

Larva food plants / other food objects

• Hops (Humulus lupulus), sorrel, various grasses and herbs. [5].
• The roots of the dandelion, sorrel and others. [11].

Larva lifespan

• Caterpillars live from August to April (half year). [5].

Egg

• Eggs Hepialus humuli simply scattered on the ground during the flight. [5].

Overwintering stage

• Caterpillar. [5].

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Hepialus amasinus Herrich-Schäffer, 1851

Hepialus arizanus Matsumura, 1931

Hepialus behrensii Stretch, 1872

Hepialus bertrandi Le Cerf, 1936

Hepialus carna Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775

Hepialus dobrogensis Caradja, 1932

Hepialus ebba Bryk, 1950

Hepialus fusconebulosa De Geer, 1778

Hepialus ganna Hübner, 1804

Hepialus malaisei Bryk, 1946

Hepialus nebulosus Alphéraky, 1889

Hepialus sinarabesca Bryk, 1942

Hepialus sylvina Linnaeus, 1761

Hepialus unimacula (Daniel, 1940)