Lithosia quadra (Linnaeus, 1758)

Taxonomy

class Insecta → subclass Pterygota → infraclass Neoptera → superorder Holometabola → order Lepidoptera → superfamily Noctuoidea → family Erebidae → subfamily Arctiinae → tribe Lithosiini → subtribe Lithosiina → genus Lithosia → species Lithosia quadra

Species name(s)

Lithosia quadra (Linnaeus, 1758) = Phalaena quadra Linnaeus, 1758 = Phalaena flava Müller, 1764 = Phalaena deplana Linnaeus, 1771 = quadrata Walckenaer, 1802 = Oeonistis dives Butler, 1877 = fasciata Spuler, 1910 = insolata Dannehl, 1929 = pallida van Wisselingh, 1961 = triangularis Lempke, 1961 = Lithosia qadra. [9, 10]

Four-spotted Footman.

urn:lsid:insecta.pro:taxonomy:6716

Expansion

This species marks on the maps: 3.

Zoogeographical regions

Palaearctic.

Russia regions

#1. Kaliningradsky; #7. Evropeisky yuzhno-tayozhny; #9. Evropeisky Tsentralno-Chernozyomny; #10. Sredne-Volzhsky; #11. Volgo-Donsky; #13. Zapadno-Kavkazsky; #14. Vostochno-Kavkazsky; #19. Sredneobsky; #28. Zabaikalsky; #34. Kamchatsky; #36. Sredne-Amursky; #38. Sakhalin; #39. Yuzhno-Kurilsky; #40. Primorsky.

Forewing length

19—23 mm.

Flight time

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Larva lifespan

 					January 					February 					March 					April 					May 					June 					July 					August 					September 					October 					November 					December 			

Over-wintering stage

Larva.

Detailed information with references

Distribution

Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Denmark, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Corsica, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Slovakia, the Soviet Union - European part, Finland, France, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [1].
Albania, Andorra, the Balearic Islands, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the British Isles, France, Germany, Greece (mainland), Denmark (mainland), Ireland, Spain (mainland), Italy (mainland ), Corsica, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, the Netherlands,Norway (mainland), the Channel Islands, Poland, Portugal (mainland), Romania, Russia, Sardinia, Northern Ireland, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Finland, France (mainland), Croatia, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [10].
Regions of the Russian Federation: the Volga-Don, East Caucasus, the European Central Black Earth, the European Southern Taiga, Transbaikalia, Western Caucasus, Kaliningrad, Kamchatka, Primorye, Sakhalin, Amur Medium, Medium-Volzhsky, Sredneobskaya, South Kuril. [3].
Lithosia quadra spread almost throughout Europe. [5].

Imago Habitus and Differences from alike species

Length of front wing male - 1.9 cm, color - gray, with a black spot at the base; rear wings yellow males. Length of front wing females - 2.3 cm, color - yellow, two blue spots. [5].

General info about Imago

It flies in the floodplain forests, spruce and mixed forests, and at times and in parks and gardens. [5].

Imago lifespan

From July to August. [5].

Larva food plants / other food objects

Lichens. [28].
Lichens. In the season of mass breeding of butterfliesLymantria monachalarvae Lithosia quadra can be used in food nuns caterpillars (L. monacha). [5].

Larva lifespan

Caterpillars live from September to June. [5].

Overwintering stage

Caterpillars overwinter under lichens. [5].

Subspecies of Lithosia quadra

Lithosia quadra damavendi Daniel, 1939. [187]
L. q. yuennanensis Daniel, 1953. [187]

Authors

Initial species uploading to the site: Peter Khramov.

Photos: Vitaly Gumenuk, Boris Loboda.

Text data: Peter Khramov.

The species characteristics formalization: Peter Khramov, Sergei Kotov.

References

[1] O. Karsholt, J. Razowski (eds.), 1996. The Lepidoptera of Europe: a distributional checklist
[3] Каталог чешуекрылых (Lepidoptera) России. Под ред. С. Ю. Синёва. СПб.; М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2008
[5] Райххолф-Рим Х. Бабочки. М.: Астрель, 2002
[9] Tree of Life (funet.fi), 2012
[10] de Jong, Y.S.D.M. (ed.) (2011) Fauna Europaea version 2.4 (faunaeur.org)
[28] Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa (leps.it), 2012
[187] Species 2000, http://www.sp2000.org