Tholera cespitis (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775)

Taxonomy

class Insecta → subclass Pterygota → infraclass Neoptera → superorder Holometabola → order Lepidoptera → superfamily Noctuoidea → family Noctuidae → subfamily Noctuinae → tribe Tholerini → genus Tholera → species Tholera cespitis

Species name(s)

Tholera cespitis (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775) = Noctua cespitis Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 = Noctua hordei Schrank, 1801 = Agrotis autumnalis Stephens, 1827 = Charaeas confinis Stephens, 1829 = Apamea chloris Milliére, 1883. [9, 10]

Hedge Rustic.

urn:lsid:insecta.pro:taxonomy:7953

Expansion

This species marks on the maps: 2.

Zoogeographical regions

Palaearctic.

Russia regions

#1. Kaliningradsky; #3. Karelsky; #4. Evropeisky Severo-Zapadny; #7. Evropeisky yuzhno-tayozhny; #8. Evropeisky Tsentralny; #9. Evropeisky Tsentralno-Chernozyomny; #10. Sredne-Volzhsky; #11. Volgo-Donsky; #13. Zapadno-Kavkazsky; #14. Vostochno-Kavkazsky; #16. Sredne-Uralsky; #17. Yuzhno-Uralsky; #19. Sredneobsky; #20. Yuzhno-Zapadnosibirsky; #22. Krasnoyarsky; #23. Predaltaisky; #24. Gorno-Altaisky; #26. Predbaikalsky; #27. Pribaikalsky.

Forewing length

14—15 mm.

Primary colors

Brown/Gray/Black, White.

Flight time

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Larva lifespan

 					January 					February 					March 					April 					May 					June 					July 					August 					September 					October 					November 					December 			

Detailed information with references

Distribution

Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Denmark, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sicily, Slovakia, the Soviet Union - the European part, Finland, France , Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [1].
Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the British Isles, France, Germany, Greece (mainland), Denmark (mainland), Ireland, Spain (mainland), Italy (mainland), Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway (mainland), the Channel Islands, Poland,Portugal (mainland), Russia, Romania, Northern Ireland, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Finland, France (mainland), Croatia, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [10].
Regions of the Russian Federation: the Volga-Don, East Caucasus, Gorno-Altaisk, the European North-West, the European Central Black Earth, the European Central European South taiga, the Western Caucasus, Kaliningrad, Karelia, Krasnoyarsk, Prealtay, of Baikal, Pribaikalskiy, Average -Volzhsky, Mid-Ural,Sredneobskaya, South West Siberian, South Ural. [3].
Central Europe, in the mountains-up to 1600 m. [85].

Imago Habitus and Differences from alike species

The front wing is 1.5 cm long. It is an inconspicuous owl, brown or black-brown, but the males have white hind wings. [85].

General info about Imago

The turf scoop will fly on water meadows, on heather beds and swamps, in gardens. [85].

Imago lifespan

From August to September. [85].

Larva food plants / other food objects

Gramineae. [28].
Дикие злаки. [85].

Larva lifespan

Caterpillar from September to July. [85].

Overwintering stage

Tholera cespitis overwinters at the caterpillar stage, and even very small, and sometimes even in an egg shell. [85].

Subspecies of Tholera cespitis

Tholera cespitis armena Hacker, 1986. [9]

Authors

Initial species uploading to the site: Peter Khramov.

Photos: Andrey Ponomarev, Vitaly Gumenuk.

Text data: Peter Khramov.

The species characteristics formalization: Peter Khramov.

References

[1] O. Karsholt, J. Razowski (eds.), 1996. The Lepidoptera of Europe: a distributional checklist
[3] Каталог чешуекрылых (Lepidoptera) России. Под ред. С. Ю. Синёва. СПб.; М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2008
[9] Tree of Life (funet.fi), 2012
[10] de Jong, Y.S.D.M. (ed.) (2011) Fauna Europaea version 2.4 (faunaeur.org)
[28] Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa (leps.it), 2012
[85] Lepidoptera species catalogue, Lepidoptera.ru, 2015