Boloria euphrosyne (Linnaeus, 1758)

Taxonomy

class Insecta → subclass Pterygota → infraclass Neoptera → superorder Holometabola → order Lepidoptera → superfamily Papilionoidea → family Nymphalidae → subfamily Heliconiinae → tribe Argynnini → genus Boloria → subgenus Clossiana → species Boloria euphrosyne

Species name(s)

Boloria (Clossiana) euphrosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) = Clossiana euphrosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) = Papilio euphrosyne Linnaeus, 1758. [3, 9, 10]

Pearl-bordered Fritillary.

urn:lsid:insecta.pro:taxonomy:8564

Expansion

This species marks on the maps: 5.

Zoogeographical regions

Palaearctic.

Russia regions

#1. Kaliningradsky; #2. Kolsky; #3. Karelsky; #4. Evropeisky Severo-Zapadny; #5. Nenetsko-Novozemelsky tundrovy; #6. Evropeisky Severo-Vostochny; #7. Evropeisky yuzhno-tayozhny; #8. Evropeisky Tsentralny; #9. Evropeisky Tsentralno-Chernozyomny; #10. Sredne-Volzhsky; #11. Volgo-Donsky; #13. Zapadno-Kavkazsky; #14. Vostochno-Kavkazsky; #15. Severo-Uralsky; #16. Sredne-Uralsky; #17. Yuzhno-Uralsky; #18. Nizhneobsky; #19. Sredneobsky; #20. Yuzhno-Zapadnosibirsky; #21. Severo-Yeniseisky; #22. Krasnoyarsky; #23. Predaltaisky; #24. Gorno-Altaisky; #25. Tuvinsky; #26. Predbaikalsky; #27. Pribaikalsky; #28. Zabaikalsky; #31. Yuzhno-Yakutsky; #33. Severo-Okhotomorsky; #34. Kamchatsky; #35. Sredne-Okhotsky; #36. Sredne-Amursky; #37. Nizhne-Amursky; #38. Sakhalin; #40. Primorsky.

Forewing length

20—22 mm.

Primary colors

Red, Orange, Yellow, Brown/Gray/Black, White.

Flight time

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Larva lifespan

 					January 					February 					March 					April 					May 					June 					July 					August 					September 					October 					November 					December 			

Detailed information with references

Taxonomy, synonyms and combinations

Clossiana euphrosyne. [3].

Distribution

Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Denmark, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sicily, Slovakia, the Soviet Union - the European part of Finland France, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [1].
Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the British Isles, France, Germany, Greece (mainland), Denmark (mainland), Ireland, Spain (mainland), Italy (mainland), Latvia, Lithuania , Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway (mainland), the Channel Islands,Poland, Portugal (mainland), Russia, Romania, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Finland, France (mainland), Croatia, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [10].
Regions of the Russian Federation: the Volga-Don, East Caucasus, Gorno-Altaisk, the European North-East, the European North-West, the European Central Black Earth, the European Central European South taiga, Transbaikalia, Western Caucasus, Kaliningrad, Kamchatka, Karelian, Kola, Krasnoyarsk,Nenets-Novaya Zemlya tundra, Nizhne-Amur, Nizhneobsky, Prealtay, of Baikal, Pribaikalskiy, Primorye, Sakhalin, the North-Yenisei, North Okhotsk Sea, the North-Ural, Mid-Amur, Mid-Volzhsky, Average Okhotsk, Mid-Ural, Sredneobskaya , Tuva, South West Siberian, South Ural,South Yakutia. [3].
Range: all of Europe up to the North Cape. In the east-to the Amur and Kamchatka basins. [85].

Imago Habitus and Differences from alike species

Forewing length 2-2. 2 cm. The species is characterized by a median silvery spot on the underside of the hindwings. Of the species with a similar appearance, the mother-of-pearl selena can be noted, but these butterflies still differ markedly in the color of the underside of the hind wings, as well as the shape and location of the mother-of-pearl spots on them. The alpina Ebert mountain form has a more distinct black wing top pattern. In general, the species is characterized by a strong variation in the background, size and intensity of coloration of the eyes on the underside of the hindwings. [85].

General info about Imago

Places of summer: clearings and clearings, forest edges and forest roads. [85].

Imago lifespan

Adults of the mother-of-pearl euphrosyne are active from April (or mid-May in the northern part of their range) to mid-July. Southern butterflies are lucky enough to fly in two generations (the second is in August-September). [85].

Larva food plants / other food objects

Viola. [28].
Гусеницы Boloria euphrosyne очень любят фиалки, особенно фиалку лесную и собачью. Встречаются и на землянике. [85].

Larva lifespan

Caterpillars live from July to May (they can occur in two generations from May to April - in the southern part of the euphrosyne's range). [85].

Pupa

The pupa of Boloria euphrosyne is grayish-brown. [85].

Egg

The egg is cone-shaped, green at first, then turns brown. [85].

Overwintering stage

Caterpillar, after the second molt. [85].

Subspecies of Boloria euphrosyne

Clossiana euphrosyne andersoni Barnes & Benjamin. [187]
B. e. anka Fruhstorfer, 1907. [187]
B. e. answina Fruhstorfer. [187]
B. e. apennina Staudinger, 1901. [187]
B. e. austreminens Verity, 1950. [187]
B. e. calynde Fruhstorfer, 1922. [187]
B. e. cynosoma Fruhstorfer, 1922. [187]
B. e. dagestanica (Sovinsky, 1905). [9]
B. e. densoi Fruhstorfer, 1909. [187]
B. e. eminens Verity, 1932. [187]
B. e. euphrosyne. [9]
B. e. fingal (Herbst, 1804). [9]
B. e. kamtschadalis Seitz, 1909. [187]
B. e. kamtschadalus (Seitz, [1909]). [9]
B. e. kriemhild Strecker, 1878. [187]
B. e. lavinia Hemming, 1934. [187]
B. e. magnaclara Verity, 1932. [187]
B. e. nephele (Herrich-Schäffer, [1847]). [9]
B. e. neston Fruhstorfer, 1922. [187]
B. e. nestonclara Verity, 1932. [187]
B. e. niveola Stichel, 1908. [187]
B. e. obscurior Seitz, 1909. [187]
B. e. orientisvivax Verity, 1932. [187]
B. e. orphana (Fruhstorfer, 1907). [9]
B. e. padimira Verity, 1932. [187]
B. e. phaenna Jachontov, 1909. [187]
B. e. pittionii Nitsche, 1926. [187]
B. e. rusalka (Fruhstorfer, 1909). [9]
B. e. sachalinensis Matsumura, 1908. [187]
B. e. septentrionalis Nordström, 1933. [187]
B. e. thalis Hübner, 1790. [187]
B. e. umbra (Seitz, [1909]). [9]
B. e. varianana Verity, 1932. [187]
B. e. zehlae Bois-Reymond, 1926. [187]

Authors

Initial species uploading to the site: Peter Khramov.

Photos: Yury Sokolkov.

Text data: Peter Khramov.

The species characteristics formalization: Peter Khramov.

References

[1] O. Karsholt, J. Razowski (eds.), 1996. The Lepidoptera of Europe: a distributional checklist
[3] Каталог чешуекрылых (Lepidoptera) России. Под ред. С. Ю. Синёва. СПб.; М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2008
[9] Tree of Life (funet.fi), 2012
[10] de Jong, Y.S.D.M. (ed.) (2011) Fauna Europaea version 2.4 (faunaeur.org)
[28] Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa (leps.it), 2012
[85] Lepidoptera species catalogue, Lepidoptera.ru, 2015
[187] Species 2000, http://www.sp2000.org