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Hyponephele lycaon (Rottemburg, 1775)

Самка (Hyponephele lycaon)

Taxonomy

class Insecta → subclass Pterygota → infraclass Neoptera → superorder Holometabola → order Lepidoptera → superfamily Papilionoidea → family Nymphalidae → subfamily Satyrinae → tribe Maniolini → genus Hyponephele → species Hyponephele lycaon

Species name(s)

Hyponephele lycaon (Rottemburg, 1775) = Epinephele lycaon = Papilio lycaon Kühn, 1774 = Maniola lycaon = Hyponephele albolimbo Verity 1953. [9, 10, 85, 187]

Dusky Meadow Brown.

urn:lsid:insecta.pro:taxonomy:8707

Expansion

This species marks on the maps: 1.

Zoogeographical regions

Palaearctic.

Russia regions

#1. Kaliningradsky; #4. Evropeisky Severo-Zapadny; #6. Evropeisky Severo-Vostochny; #7. Evropeisky yuzhno-tayozhny; #8. Evropeisky Tsentralny; #9. Evropeisky Tsentralno-Chernozyomny; #10. Sredne-Volzhsky; #11. Volgo-Donsky; #12. Nizhnevolzhsky; #13. Zapadno-Kavkazsky; #14. Vostochno-Kavkazsky; #16. Sredne-Uralsky; #17. Yuzhno-Uralsky; #20. Yuzhno-Zapadnosibirsky; #22. Krasnoyarsky; #23. Predaltaisky; #24. Gorno-Altaisky; #25. Tuvinsky; #26. Predbaikalsky; #27. Pribaikalsky; #28. Zabaikalsky.

Primary colors

Orange, Brown/Gray/Black.

Flight time

January February March April May June July August September October November December

Larva lifespan

January February March April May June July August September October November December

Самец и самка (Hyponephele lycaon)

Detailed information with references

Taxonomy, synonyms and combinations

  • Epinephele lycaon. [85].

Distribution

  • Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Spain, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sicily, Slovakia, the Soviet Union - the European part of Turkey - European part, Finland, France, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [1].
  • Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, Germany, Greece (mainland), Spain (mainland), Italy (mainland), Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Poland, Portugal (mainland), Russia, Romania, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Finland, France (mainland), Croatia, Czech Republic,Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [10].
  • Regions of the Russian Federation: the Volga-Don, East Caucasus, Gorno-Altaisk, the European North-East, the European North-West, the European Central Black Earth, the European Central European South taiga, Transbaikalia, Western Caucasus, Kaliningrad, Krasnoyarsk, Lower Volga, Prealtay, of Baikal,Pribaikalskiy, Mid-Volzhsky, Mid-Ural, Tuva, South West Siberian, South Ural. [3].
  • It is widespread in Europe, but it is absent in Scandinavia, Holland, Belgium, Denmark, and it is also absent in North Africa, as well as in the British Isles. In addition, the butterfly lives in the Caucasus, in the south of Siberia, in Asia Minor and Central Asia. [85].

Imago Habitus and Differences from alike species

  • The male of the small krupnoglazka, which, unlike the female, which has two eyes on the front wings, carries only one (there are also two, but very rarely-Lampert, 2003), is slightly similar to the cow's eye, but noticeably differs, for example, in the pattern of the underside of the hind wings. In addition, a similar butterfly lives in the south of Europe — Hyponephele lupinus. Another difference between the male lycaon and the female is a weakly pronounced sling on the front wings (in the female, the sling is more clearly marked). The hind wings of the male are completely devoid of this sling (in the female — only partially). [85].

General info about Imago

  • Hyponephele lycaon likes dry areas, flies low over slopes, rocky slopes and railway embankments, and often sits on flowers, especially scabbard. [85].

Imago lifespan

  • It flies from June to August. [85].

General info about Larva

  • The striped caterpillar of the small krupnoglazka is active at night. The body of the caterpillar is green, the head is also green, and the back of the body is yellow, with red tips. [85].

Larva food plants / other food objects

  • Gramineae. [28].
  • Злаки, например, мятлик, в том числе мятлик однолетний. [85].

Larva lifespan

  • From summer to May-June next year. [85].

Pupa

  • The pupa is reddish-brown, with a white stripe, the duration of this stage is 4 weeks. [85].

Egg

  • The eggs are first white, then pinkish, laid one at a time and develop for about 4 weeks. [85].

Overwintering stage

  • The caterpillar overwinters. [85].

Subspecies of Hyponephele lycaon

Authors

Initial species uploading to the site: Peter Khramov.

Photos: Yuriy Karpov, Andrey Sazykin.

Text data: Peter Khramov.

The species characteristics formalization: Peter Khramov.

References

Comments

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