Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761)
Taxonomy
class Insecta → subclass Pterygota → infraclass Neoptera → superorder Holometabola → order Lepidoptera → superfamily Papilionoidea → family Lycaenidae → subfamily Lycaeninae → tribe Lycaenini → genus Lycaena → species Lycaena phlaeas
Species name(s)
Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761) = Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus, 1761 = Papilio timeus Cramer, [1777] = Papilio virgaureae Scopoli, 1763 = Lycaena phlaeas aestivus Zeller, 1847 = turcicus (Gerhard, 1853) = Lycaena phleas = Lycaena (Lycaena) phaleas. [9, 10]
Small Copper.
urn:lsid:insecta.pro:taxonomy:8420
Expansion
This species marks on the maps: 6.
Zoogeographical regions
Palaearctic, Nearctic, Ethiopic.
Russia regions
#1. Kaliningradsky; #2. Kolsky; #3. Karelsky; #4. Evropeisky Severo-Zapadny; #5. Nenetsko-Novozemelsky tundrovy; #6. Evropeisky Severo-Vostochny; #7. Evropeisky yuzhno-tayozhny; #8. Evropeisky Tsentralny; #9. Evropeisky Tsentralno-Chernozyomny; #10. Sredne-Volzhsky; #11. Volgo-Donsky; #12. Nizhnevolzhsky; #13. Zapadno-Kavkazsky; #14. Vostochno-Kavkazsky; #15. Severo-Uralsky; #16. Sredne-Uralsky; #17. Yuzhno-Uralsky; #18. Nizhneobsky; #19. Sredneobsky; #20. Yuzhno-Zapadnosibirsky; #21. Severo-Yeniseisky; #22. Krasnoyarsky; #23. Predaltaisky; #24. Gorno-Altaisky; #25. Tuvinsky; #26. Predbaikalsky; #27. Pribaikalsky; #28. Zabaikalsky; #29. Zapadno-Yakutsky; #30. Vostochno-Yakutsky; #31. Yuzhno-Yakutsky; #32. Chukotsky; #33. Severo-Okhotomorsky; #34. Kamchatsky; #35. Sredne-Okhotsky; #36. Sredne-Amursky; #37. Nizhne-Amursky; #38. Sakhalin; #39. Yuzhno-Kurilsky; #40. Primorsky.
Forewing length
14—15 mm.
Primary colors
Orange, Brown/Gray/Black.
Flight time
January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December |
Larva lifespan
January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December |
Detailed information with references
Distribution
- Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Denmark, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Corsica, Crete, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, Turkey - European part, Finland, France, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [1].
- Albania, Andorra, the Balearic Islands, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the British Isles, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece (mainland), Denmark (mainland), Dodecanese Islands, Ireland, Spain (mainland) Italy (mainland), the Canary Islands, Cyprus, Corsica, Crete, Latvia,Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madeira, Macedonia, Malta, Netherlands, Norway (mainland), the Channel Islands, Poland, Portugal (mainland), Romania, Russia, Sardinia, Northern Ireland, Northern Aegean Islands, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey ( European part), Ukraine, Finland, France (mainland), Croatia,Cycladic Islands, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [10].
- Regions of the Russian Federation: the Volga-Don, East Caucasus, East Yakutia, Gorno-Altaisk, the European North-East, the European North-West, the European Central Black Earth, the European Central European South taiga, Transbaikalia, Western Caucasus, West Yakut, Kaliningrad, Kamchatka, Karelia, Kola,Krasnoyarsk, the Nenets-Novaya Zemlya tundra, Nizhne-Amur, Lower Volga, Nizhneobsky, Prealtay, of Baikal, Pribaikalskiy, Primorye, Sakhalin, the North-Yenisei, North Okhotsk Sea, the North-Ural, Mid-Amur, Mid-Volzhsky, Average Okhotsk, Average -Uralsky, Sredneobskaya, Tuva, Chukotka,South West Siberian Yuzhno-Kuril, South Ural, South Yakutia. [3].
- Ареал — вся Европа до мыса Нордкап на севере. Умеренная Азия, вплоть до Японии. Эфиопия. Канада. Восточные штаты США. [85].
Imago Habitus and Differences from alike species
- Длина переднего крыла 1,5 см, причем самки чуть крупнее самцов, хотя в общем представители обоих полов внешне очень схожи. Для пятнистого червонца характерны, каким бы странным это ни казалось, темные пятна — как на верхней стороне, так и на исподе крыльев. Кроме того, такая же темная кайма по краю крыльев. [85].
General info about Imago
- Червонец летает повсюду — в садах и парках, полях, лугах, забираясь на высоту до 2000 м. Не боится кладбищ, встречаясь там с завидной регулярностью. [85].
Imago lifespan
- Бабочка может давать 2 поколения — с мая до конца июня и с середины июля по август. Иногда при благоприятных погодных условиях в сентябре дает третью генерацию; в Крыму встречается вплоть до начала ноября [Савчук В.] В южной части ареала, например, на Канарских островах, летает в течение всего года [Моуха, 1979]. [85].
Larva food plants / other food objects
- Rumex. [28].
- The larva of Lycaena phlaeas consumes the leaves of common sorrel, passerine sorrel, as well as mountain sorrel and oregano. [85].
Larva lifespan
- Гусеницы живут с сентября по апрель и в июне—июле. На юге ареала — круглогодично [Моуха, 1979]. [85].
Subspecies of Lycaena phlaeas
- Lycaena phlaeas abbottii (Holland, 1892). [9]
- L. p. aestivaecaudata Verity, 1943. [187]
- L. p. alpestris Emmel & Pratt, 1998. [9]
- L. p. arctodon Ferris, 1974. [9]
- L. p. arethusa (Dod, 1907). [9]
- L. p. basilijuncta Beuret, 1954. [187]
- L. p. chinensis (Felder, 1862). [9]
- L. p. coccineus (Ford, 1924). [9]
- L. p. coeruleabasalis Andres, 1931. [187]
- L. p. comedarum (Grum-Grshimailo, 1890). [9]
- L. p. cyrenaica Turati, 1921. [187]
- L. p. daimio (Seitz, [1909]). [9]
- L. p. ethiopica (Poulton, 1922). [9]
- L. p. feildeni (McLachlan, 1878). [9]
- L. p. fieldeni McLachlan, 1878. [187]
- L. p. flavens (Ford, 1924). [9]
- L. p. ganalica Gorbunov, 1995. [9]
- L. p. hibernica Goodson, 1948. [187]
- L. p. hyperborea Ford, 1923/24. [187]
- L. p. hypophlaeas (Boisduval, 1852). [9]
- L. p. indicus Evans, 1925. [187]
- L. p. infrapallida Verity, 1946. [187]
- L. p. infrarfolineata Lempke, 1954. [187]
- L. p. japonica Ford, 1923/24. [187]
- L. p. kamtschatica Gorbunov, 1994?. [9]
- L. p. kuriliphlaeas Bryk, 1942. [187]
- L. p. lusitanicus Bryk, 1940. [187]
- L. p. matsumuranus Bryk, 1946. [187]
- L. p. menelieki Thierry-Mieg, 1911. [187]
- L. p. narua Courvoisier, 1911. [187]
- L. p. naruena Courvoisier, 1911. [187]
- L. p. oxiana (Grum-Grshimailo, 1890). [9]
- L. p. phlaeas. [9]
- L. p. phlaeoides Staudinger, 1901. [187]
- L. p. polaris Courvoisier, 1911. [9]
- L. p. pseudophlaeas (Lucas, 1866). [9]
- L. p. rectaserie Lempke, 1954. [187]
- L. p. schmidtii Gerhard, 1853. [187]
- L. p. shima Gabriel, 1954. [9]
- L. p. stygiana Butler, 1880. [9]
- L. p. timeus Cramer, 1779. [187]
- L. p. turanica Rühl, 1895. [187]
- L. p. vernus Zeller, 1847. [187]
Authors
Initial species uploading to the site: Peter Khramov.
Photos:
Evgeny Komarov, Irina Nikulina. Text data: Peter Khramov.
The species characteristics formalization: Peter Khramov.
References
- [1] O. Karsholt, J. Razowski (eds.), 1996. The Lepidoptera of Europe: a distributional checklist
- [3] Каталог чешуекрылых (Lepidoptera) России. Под ред. С. Ю. Синёва. СПб.; М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2008
- [9] Tree of Life (funet.fi), 2012
- [10] de Jong, Y.S.D.M. (ed.) (2011) Fauna Europaea version 2.4 (faunaeur.org)
- [28] Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa (leps.it), 2012
- [85] Lepidoptera species catalogue, Lepidoptera.ru, 2015
- [187] Species 2000, http://www.sp2000.org
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Lycaena phlaeas photos
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