Panolis flammea (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775)

Distribution

• Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Denmark, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, the Soviet Union - the European part, Finland, France , Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [1].
• Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the British Isles, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece (mainland), Denmark (mainland), Ireland, Spain (mainland), Italy (mainland), Latvia Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway (mainland)Channel Islands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Sardinia, Northern Ireland, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Finland, France (mainland), Croatia, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [10].
• Regions of the Russian Federation: the Volga-Don, East Caucasus, Gorno-Altaisk, the European North-East, the European North-West, the European Central Black Earth, the European Central European South taiga, the Western Caucasus, Kaliningrad, Karelia, Krasnoyarsk, Prealtay, of Baikal, Mid-Amur,Middle-Volga, Sredneobskaya, South West Siberian, South Ural. [3].
• Distributed throughout Europe - would be the pine forests nearby. In the mountains - up to 1700 m. [5].

Imago Habitus and Differences from alike species

• Length of front wing from 1 to 1.5 cm. Coloration is variable - is orange, red, gray and whitish. Kidney-shaped spot white, oval. Hind wings gray-black. [5].
• Wingspan: 30-39 mm. [PC93].
• The main color of the breast and wings varies from brown to gray-brown. Antennae are bristle-shaped, consisting of segments that are saw-shaped on the outer side. The antennae of females are simple. On the front edge of the chest is a light stripe and a few light spots on both sides. The abdomen is gray-yellow, the male has a ribbed extension at the end, the female has a funnel-shaped obtusely pointed one. Forewings with light rounded, sometimes curved spots and a darker pattern consisting of dark transverse and zigzag lines. The hindwings are grayish. [61].

General info about Imago

• Places volley: coniferous forests, mixed forests on sandy soils. [5].
• The wings of a sitting butterfly are folded in the form of a roof. On the bark of a pine tree, it merges with the environment (mimicry). [61].
• Butterflies fly after sunset, mostly over the tops of trees for 30-45 minutes. Mating occurs at night. Fertilized females lay eggs on the underside of pine needles in 2-10 pieces, and sometimes more. [61].

Imago lifespan

• Flight from March to June. [5].
• Depending on the weather and geographical location, the butterfly flight begins as early as the end of March; in colder areas, it can continue until the beginning of June. The main release time, however, falls on the period of late April-early May. [61].

General info about Larva

• Caterpillars of the first age, 2-3 mm long, yellowish-green, with a noticeable large yellow head (average width of 0.4 mm). Adult caterpillars, 37-40 mm long, dark green with a brownish head, 3 mm wide. There is a wide white stripe in the middle of the back, white lines on both sides of it, and fairly wide orange stripes on the sides of the body on the lower part. [61].

Larva food plants / other food objects

• Pinus. [28].
• Pine, spruce, and in addition - on White Pine (Pinus strobus) (introduced species). [5].

Larva lifespan

• Caterpillars are found from May to July. [5].
• Caterpillars go through five instars during their development. After about four to five weeks of feeding, usually in European conditions from June to the end of July, the caterpillars descend to the soil and pupate at the border of the forest floor and mineral layer of the soil. [61].

Pupa

• The pupa is shiny, brown, 16-18 mm long, with two points at the end of the body. On the dorsal part there are characteristic depressions. The life span of the pupa varies between 9.5 and 10 months. [61].

Egg

• Eggs are flat-spherical with a small depression in the middle, initially white, later purple-brown, dimensions-0.6 x 0.8 mm. [61].

Overwintering stage

• Pupa [61].

24.04.2016 21:18, Vasiliy Feoktistov Corrected data.

Over-wintering stage: No formalized data → Pupa.

21.04.2016 22:00, Vasiliy Feoktistov Corrected data.

Wingspan: No formalized data → 30—39 mm.

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Panolis exquisita Draudt, 1950

Panolis japonica Draudt, 1935

Panolis pinicortex Draudt, 1950

Panolis variegatoides (Poole, 1989)