Identification of Hymenoptera (wasps, bees, ants)

here's what I got. not much, but I think most of the Apidae but there are Vespidae and Formicidae and something that I don't even know. On the strapline is something else like Sceliphron (reddish back and dark spots on the top of the wings)
literature would be or at least on the photo where you can search for that thread.

here's what I got. not much, but I think most of the Apidae but there are Vespidae and Formicidae and something that I don't even know. On the strapline is something else like Sceliphron (reddish back and dark spots on the top of the wings)
literature would be or at least on the photo where you can search for that thread.

Several different-family emails, please help me specify them) All Southern Urals
1. A burrowing wasp?

A female ? Dorylus sp.

here's what I got. not much, but I think most of the Apidae but there are Vespidae and Formicidae and something that I don't even know. On the strapline is something else like Sceliphron (reddish back and dark spots on the top of the wings)
literature would be or at least on the photo where you can search for that thread.
something like Megachile

please tell me what kind of tiny black ants crawl through the balcony to my apartment and crawl under the carpet (I live on the first floor)

I caught the big guy in the woods

From these photos, it is impossible to accurately determine either the left or the right. Even the Niger from fuliginosus according to these photos is difficult to distinguish...
Maybe the big guy is generally a working formica rufa, how to make out if the colors are distorted and out of focus?

Tell teapot, since no one answered my request with a photo from 30.03, what are the differences between Xylocopa valga and Xylocopa iris (except for body size)? In the collections found and with wings, however, the whiskers are partially broken off, 5 pieces of individuals, all small, were in the podmore in hollows. Valgues are common here. There is no answer in the Internet, there is no determinant available either (I tried to download volume 3 of the definition today.europe.part of it, just stripped off the money from the phone, went into negative territory). So help me, be kind, it's necessary for work. In Bashkiria, irises did not seem to exist before, and the nearest finds are only in the Orenburg region.

can I send this volume to your email address?

in principle, iris differs from valga and violacea in the size and color of the abdomen. Iris has a bright metallic glistening belly. Our other two species have black. So in the determinant.
I looked at my specimens and made sure that in addition to the belly, the iris has a metal back. The other two species are black.
If the instances are on a pin, then there are no problems distinguishing iris from valga.
If you want to distinguish in nature..... well, I don't know.
It depends on your vision.

Thank you, Alex, for your response. Fees (and I collect all invertebrates from the podmore) in the fall immediately threw in alcohol with glycerin, and only now I'm sorting it out. Therefore, no low tide is observed in those extracted from the mixture. Probably, there are also morphological signs of the species. A city with libraries (identifiers) and specialists 300 km away, so I would be grateful for a identifier (address m.bakalova@mail.ru), I would not like to make a mistake.

Probably, there are also morphological signs of the species.

There is, of course.
In the female iris, the hind legs are in the middle of the body with a pair of clear teeth, of which the lower one is longer than the upper one.
In female violacea, the hind tibia has a narrow smooth strip bordered by spines on the outside.
In the female valga, the posterior tibia is externally covered with a long platform, completely covered with spines and having a pair of short teeth at the bottom.
That's about it.