Polygonia c-album (Linnaeus, 1758)

Имаго (Polygonia c-album)

Taxonomy

class Insecta → subclass Pterygota → infraclass Neoptera → superorder Holometabola → order Lepidoptera → superfamily Papilionoidea → family Nymphalidae → subfamily Nymphalinae → tribe Nymphalini → genus Polygonia → species Polygonia c-album

Species name(s)

Polygonia c-album (Linnaeus, 1758) = Nymphalis c-album = Papilio c-album Linnaeus, 1758 = Papilio f-album Esper, 1783 = g-album (Fourcroy, 1785) = Polygonia marsyas Edwards, 1870 = variegata (Tutt, 1896) = pictior (Verity, 1919) = c-album chingana (Kleinschmidt, 1929) = nakaharai (Nomura, 1938) = sagitta (Frohawk, 1938) = suffusa (Frohawk, 1938) = castanea (Verity, 1950) = Polygonia castanea Verity 1950 = Polygonia delta-album Joseph 1919 = Polygonia elongana Cabeau 1926 = Vanessa cloqueti Clement, 1917 = Grapta agnicula Moore, 1872 = Vanessa comma-alba Miller, 1821 = Vanena hutchinsoni Robson, 1880 = Polygonia extincta Rebel 1923 = Polygonia imperfecta Blachier 1908 = Polygonia immaculata Dioszeghy 1935 = Vanessa f-album Esper, 1783 = Vanessa g-album Fourcroy, 1785 = Polygonia pusilla Stichel 1908 = Polygonia obscura Hannemann 1915 = Polygonia uncipuncta Joseph 1919 = Polygonia p-album Bezsilla 1943 = Polygonia pallida Tutt 1896 = Polygonia nubilata Lempke 1956 = Polygonia nigracastanea Verity 1950 = Polygonia o-album Newnham 1917 = Vanessa lutescens Harcourt-Bath, 1896 = Polygonia manchurica Matsumura 1939 = Vanessa melanosticta Stephens, 1856 = Polygonia nigrolunaria Nitsche 1912 = Polygonia i-album Maslowscy 1923 = Polygonia vilarrubiai Perez de-Gregorie & Masó Planas 1976 [1977 = Polygonia variegata Tutt 1896. [9, 10, 85, 187]

Comma, Comma Butterfly.

urn:lsid:insecta.pro:taxonomy:8617

Expansion

This species marks on the maps: 13.

Zoogeographical regions

Palaearctic, Indo-Malayan.

Russia regions

#1. Kaliningradsky; #2. Kolsky; #3. Karelsky; #4. Evropeisky Severo-Zapadny; #6. Evropeisky Severo-Vostochny; #7. Evropeisky yuzhno-tayozhny; #8. Evropeisky Tsentralny; #9. Evropeisky Tsentralno-Chernozyomny; #10. Sredne-Volzhsky; #11. Volgo-Donsky; #12. Nizhnevolzhsky; #13. Zapadno-Kavkazsky; #14. Vostochno-Kavkazsky; #15. Severo-Uralsky; #16. Sredne-Uralsky; #17. Yuzhno-Uralsky; #18. Nizhneobsky; #19. Sredneobsky; #20. Yuzhno-Zapadnosibirsky; #21. Severo-Yeniseisky; #22. Krasnoyarsky; #23. Predaltaisky; #24. Gorno-Altaisky; #25. Tuvinsky; #26. Predbaikalsky; #27. Pribaikalsky; #28. Zabaikalsky; #29. Zapadno-Yakutsky; #30. Vostochno-Yakutsky; #31. Yuzhno-Yakutsky; #32. Chukotsky; #33. Severo-Okhotomorsky; #34. Kamchatsky; #35. Sredne-Okhotsky; #36. Sredne-Amursky; #37. Nizhne-Amursky; #38. Sakhalin; #39. Yuzhno-Kurilsky; #40. Primorsky.

Forewing length

23—25 mm.

Primary colors

Orange, Brown/Gray/Black.

Flight time

 					January 					February 					March 					April 					May 					June 					July 					August 					September 					October 					November 					December 			

Larva lifespan

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Detailed information with references

Taxonomy, synonyms and combinations

Nymphalis c-album. [85].

Distribution

Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Denmark, Greece, Spain, Italy, Corsica, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, the Soviet Union - the European part Turkey - European part, Finland, France, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [1].
Albania, Andorra, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the British Isles, France, Germany, Greece (mainland), Denmark (mainland), Spain (mainland), Italy (mainland), Corsica, Latvia , Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Netherlands, Norway (mainland)Channel Islands, Poland, Portugal (mainland), Romania, Russia, Sardinia, North Aegean Islands, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey (European part), Ukraine, Finland, France (mainland), Croatia, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden , Estonia, Yugoslavia. [10].
Regions of the Russian Federation: the Volga-Don, East Caucasus, East Yakutia, Gorno-Altaisk, the European North-East, the European North-West, the European Central Black Earth, the European Central European South taiga, Transbaikalia, Western Caucasus, West Yakut, Kaliningrad, Kamchatka, Karelia, Kola,Krasnoyarsk, Nizhne-Amur, Lower Volga, Nizhneobsky, Prealtay, of Baikal, Pribaikalskiy, Primorye, Sakhalin, the North-Yenisei, North Okhotsk Sea, the North-Ural, Mid-Amur, Mid-Volzhsky, Average Okhotsk, Mid-Ural, Sredneobskaya, Tuva, Chukotka, South West Siberian,South Kuril, South Ural, South Yakutia. [3].
Northern Thailand [132].
It is found throughout Europe, reaching up to 66° N in the north and up to Japan in the east. In the mountains at an altitude of up to 2000 m [85].

Imago Habitus and Differences from alike species

The length of the front wing is 2.5 cm. The wings are serrated, and the underside of the hind wings has a distinctive white spot in the form of the letter "C", which is where the butterfly's name came from. Due to the large variability of the characteristic white spot on the butterfly's hind wings, entomologists have humorously described several forms, such as o-album Newh., f-album Esp., j-album Spul., delta-album Der. or g-album Form. In addition, forms without this spot at all are known, for example, extincta Rbl. or c-extinctum Schultz. [85].

General info about Imago

It flies along the edges and forest clearings, in thickets of bushes and meadows, in gardens. [85].

Imago lifespan

Butterflies of a lighter than nominative form hutchinsoni Robs. they do not overwinter, but give offspring already in August-September, which is why they cannot be found in the spring, when only overwintered angloptera fly. Polygonia c-album gives two generations: from the end of June to the end of July and from mid-August to the beginning of June (from July-August to May [Moukha, 1979]). In the European part of Russia, it occurs in July-September and, after wintering, in April-May. There is only one generation in the mountains. [85].

Larva food plants / other food objects

Ulmus, Salix, Corylus, Humulus, Urtica, Ribes. [28].
Крапива, ива, хмель, ильм, орешник (лещина), красная и черная смородина, крыжовник, брусника, кроме того — вяз. [85].

Larva lifespan

Caterpillar: May to June and July to August. [85].

Overwintering stage

Adult butterfly — imago overwinters. [85].

Subspecies of Polygonia c-album

Nymphalis c-album agnicula (Moore, 1872). [9]
P. c. asakurai (Nakahara, 1920). [9]
P. c. c-album. [9]
P. c. chingana Kleinschmidt, 1929. [187]
P. c. cognata Moore, 1899. [187]
P. c. coreana Nomura, 1937. [187]
P. c. extensa (Leech, [1892]). [9]
P. c. fentoni Butler, 1878. [187]
P. c. hamigera (Butler, 1877). [9]
P. c. imperfecta (Blachier, 1908). [9]
P. c. kashmira Evans, 1932. [187]
P. c. koreana Bryk, 1946. [9]
P. c. kultukensis Kleinschmidt, 1929. [9]
P. c. lunigera Butler, 1881. [187]
P. c. sachalinensis Matsumura, 1915. [9]
P. c. tibetana Elwes, 1888. [187]

Authors

Initial species uploading to the site: Peter Khramov.

Photos: Vlad Proklov, Irina Nikulina.

Text data: Peter Khramov, Vasiliy Feoktistov.

The species characteristics formalization: Peter Khramov, Vasiliy Feoktistov.

References

[1] O. Karsholt, J. Razowski (eds.), 1996. The Lepidoptera of Europe: a distributional checklist
[3] Каталог чешуекрылых (Lepidoptera) России. Под ред. С. Ю. Синёва. СПб.; М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2008
[9] Tree of Life (funet.fi), 2012
[10] de Jong, Y.S.D.M. (ed.) (2011) Fauna Europaea version 2.4 (faunaeur.org)
[28] Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa (leps.it), 2012
[85] Lepidoptera species catalogue, Lepidoptera.ru, 2015
[132] http://yutaka.it-n.jp/
[187] Species 2000, http://www.sp2000.org