Polygonia c-album (Linnaeus, 1758)
Taxonomy
class Insecta → subclass Pterygota → infraclass Neoptera → superorder Holometabola → order Lepidoptera → superfamily Papilionoidea → family Nymphalidae → subfamily Nymphalinae → tribe Nymphalini → genus Polygonia → species Polygonia c-album
Species name(s)
Polygonia c-album (Linnaeus, 1758) = Nymphalis c-album = Papilio c-album Linnaeus, 1758 = Papilio f-album Esper, 1783 = g-album (Fourcroy, 1785) = Polygonia marsyas Edwards, 1870 = variegata (Tutt, 1896) = pictior (Verity, 1919) = c-album chingana (Kleinschmidt, 1929) = nakaharai (Nomura, 1938) = sagitta (Frohawk, 1938) = suffusa (Frohawk, 1938) = castanea (Verity, 1950) = Polygonia castanea Verity 1950 = Polygonia delta-album Joseph 1919 = Polygonia elongana Cabeau 1926 = Vanessa cloqueti Clement, 1917 = Grapta agnicula Moore, 1872 = Vanessa comma-alba Miller, 1821 = Vanena hutchinsoni Robson, 1880 = Polygonia extincta Rebel 1923 = Polygonia imperfecta Blachier 1908 = Polygonia immaculata Dioszeghy 1935 = Vanessa f-album Esper, 1783 = Vanessa g-album Fourcroy, 1785 = Polygonia pusilla Stichel 1908 = Polygonia obscura Hannemann 1915 = Polygonia uncipuncta Joseph 1919 = Polygonia p-album Bezsilla 1943 = Polygonia pallida Tutt 1896 = Polygonia nubilata Lempke 1956 = Polygonia nigracastanea Verity 1950 = Polygonia o-album Newnham 1917 = Vanessa lutescens Harcourt-Bath, 1896 = Polygonia manchurica Matsumura 1939 = Vanessa melanosticta Stephens, 1856 = Polygonia nigrolunaria Nitsche 1912 = Polygonia i-album Maslowscy 1923 = Polygonia vilarrubiai Perez de-Gregorie & Masó Planas 1976 [1977 = Polygonia variegata Tutt 1896. [9, 10, 85, 187]
Comma, Comma Butterfly.
urn:lsid:insecta.pro:taxonomy:8617
Expansion
This species marks on the maps: 13.
Zoogeographical regions
Palaearctic, Indo-Malayan.
Russia regions
#1. Kaliningradsky; #2. Kolsky; #3. Karelsky; #4. Evropeisky Severo-Zapadny; #6. Evropeisky Severo-Vostochny; #7. Evropeisky yuzhno-tayozhny; #8. Evropeisky Tsentralny; #9. Evropeisky Tsentralno-Chernozyomny; #10. Sredne-Volzhsky; #11. Volgo-Donsky; #12. Nizhnevolzhsky; #13. Zapadno-Kavkazsky; #14. Vostochno-Kavkazsky; #15. Severo-Uralsky; #16. Sredne-Uralsky; #17. Yuzhno-Uralsky; #18. Nizhneobsky; #19. Sredneobsky; #20. Yuzhno-Zapadnosibirsky; #21. Severo-Yeniseisky; #22. Krasnoyarsky; #23. Predaltaisky; #24. Gorno-Altaisky; #25. Tuvinsky; #26. Predbaikalsky; #27. Pribaikalsky; #28. Zabaikalsky; #29. Zapadno-Yakutsky; #30. Vostochno-Yakutsky; #31. Yuzhno-Yakutsky; #32. Chukotsky; #33. Severo-Okhotomorsky; #34. Kamchatsky; #35. Sredne-Okhotsky; #36. Sredne-Amursky; #37. Nizhne-Amursky; #38. Sakhalin; #39. Yuzhno-Kurilsky; #40. Primorsky.
Forewing length
23—25 mm.
Primary colors
Orange, Brown/Gray/Black.
Flight time
January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December |
Larva lifespan
January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December |
Detailed information with references
Taxonomy, synonyms and combinations
Distribution
- Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Denmark, Greece, Spain, Italy, Corsica, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, the Soviet Union - the European part Turkey - European part, Finland, France, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Yugoslavia. [1].
- Albania, Andorra, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the British Isles, France, Germany, Greece (mainland), Denmark (mainland), Spain (mainland), Italy (mainland), Corsica, Latvia , Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Netherlands, Norway (mainland)Channel Islands, Poland, Portugal (mainland), Romania, Russia, Sardinia, North Aegean Islands, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey (European part), Ukraine, Finland, France (mainland), Croatia, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden , Estonia, Yugoslavia. [10].
- Regions of the Russian Federation: the Volga-Don, East Caucasus, East Yakutia, Gorno-Altaisk, the European North-East, the European North-West, the European Central Black Earth, the European Central European South taiga, Transbaikalia, Western Caucasus, West Yakut, Kaliningrad, Kamchatka, Karelia, Kola,Krasnoyarsk, Nizhne-Amur, Lower Volga, Nizhneobsky, Prealtay, of Baikal, Pribaikalskiy, Primorye, Sakhalin, the North-Yenisei, North Okhotsk Sea, the North-Ural, Mid-Amur, Mid-Volzhsky, Average Okhotsk, Mid-Ural, Sredneobskaya, Tuva, Chukotka, South West Siberian,South Kuril, South Ural, South Yakutia. [3].
- Northern Thailand [132].
- Углокрыльница встречается по всей Европе, доходя до 66° сев. ш. на севере и до Японии на востоке. В горах на высоте до 2000 м. [85].
Imago Habitus and Differences from alike species
- Длина переднего крыла — 2,5 см. Крылья зазубрены, на исподе задних крыльев находится характерное белое пятнов в виде буквы «С», откуда и пошло название бабочки. Из-за большой изменчивости характерного белого пятна на задних крыльях бабочки энтомологи не без юмора описали несколько форм, таких как o-album Newh., f-album Esp., j-album Spul., delta-album Der. или g-album Gillm. Кроме того, известны формы вовсе без этого пятна, например, extincta Rbl. или c-extinctum Schultz. [85].
General info about Imago
- Летает по опушкам и лесным полянам, в зарослях кустарника и на лугах, в садах. [85].
Imago lifespan
- Бабочки более светлой, нежели номинативная, формы hutchinsoni Robs. не зимуют, а дают потомство уже в августе—сентябре, из-за чего их нельзя встретить весной, когда летают лишь перезимовавшие углокрыльницы. Polygonia c-album дает две генерации — с конца июня до конца июля и с середины августа до начала июня (с июля—августа по май [Моуха, 1979]). В европейской части России встречается в июле—сентябре и, после зимовки, в апреле—мае. В горах дает лишь одно поколение. [85].
Larva food plants / other food objects
- Ulmus, Salix, Corylus, Humulus, Urtica, Ribes. [28].
- Крапива, ива, хмель, ильм, орешник (лещина), красная и черная смородина, крыжовник, брусника, кроме того — вяз. [85].
Larva lifespan
- Гусеница: с мая по июнь и с июля до августа. [85].
Overwintering stage
- Зимует взрослая бабочка — имаго. [85].
Subspecies of Polygonia c-album
- Nymphalis c-album agnicula (Moore, 1872). [9]
- P. c. asakurai (Nakahara, 1920). [9]
- P. c. c-album. [9]
- P. c. chingana Kleinschmidt, 1929. [187]
- P. c. cognata Moore, 1899. [187]
- P. c. coreana Nomura, 1937. [187]
- P. c. extensa (Leech, [1892]). [9]
- P. c. fentoni Butler, 1878. [187]
- P. c. hamigera (Butler, 1877). [9]
- P. c. imperfecta (Blachier, 1908). [9]
- P. c. kashmira Evans, 1932. [187]
- P. c. koreana Bryk, 1946. [9]
- P. c. kultukensis Kleinschmidt, 1929. [9]
- P. c. lunigera Butler, 1881. [187]
- P. c. sachalinensis Matsumura, 1915. [9]
- P. c. tibetana Elwes, 1888. [187]
Authors
Initial species uploading to the site: Peter Khramov.
Photos:
Vlad Proklov, Irina Nikulina. Text data: Peter Khramov, Vasiliy Feoktistov.
The species characteristics formalization: Peter Khramov, Vasiliy Feoktistov.
References
- [1] O. Karsholt, J. Razowski (eds.), 1996. The Lepidoptera of Europe: a distributional checklist
- [3] Каталог чешуекрылых (Lepidoptera) России. Под ред. С. Ю. Синёва. СПб.; М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2008
- [9] Tree of Life (funet.fi), 2012
- [10] de Jong, Y.S.D.M. (ed.) (2011) Fauna Europaea version 2.4 (faunaeur.org)
- [28] Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa (leps.it), 2012
- [85] Lepidoptera species catalogue, Lepidoptera.ru, 2015
- [132] http://yutaka.it-n.jp/
- [187] Species 2000, http://www.sp2000.org
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Polygonia c-album photos
Other species Polygonia