Where do bees get nitrogen from?

A source of protein for bees is pollen.

so while I was writing the first message, the guess that came to mind was correct. I wonder if the worker bees and drones eat it, or if it's just for children and nobles?

so while I was writing the first message, the guess that came to mind was correct. I wonder if the worker bees and drones eat it, or if it's just for children and nobles?

Worker bees and drones feed on fresh pollen brought by bees, and in winter and especially in spring, pollen packed in combs with honey (parchment) is used during brood rearing.
Larvae of bees and drones are fed first (3 days) with royal jelly, and then royal jelly mixed with recycled parchment.
The larvae of queens are given only royal jelly produced by worker bees with a high content of nutrients throughout the entire period of rearing.
Due to the different feeding regimen, either a worker bee with atrophied sexual organs grows out of the same fertilized egg, or a uterus that is capable of mating and ovipositing and has a number of morphological differences from a worker bee.

Unfortunately, I can't remember the quote right away, but I can't remember it from the urinals either... The observation was conducted in France, including a colorful description of the mass visit of bees to public latrines.
In general, this is not surprising, since many insects are not indifferent to such "appetizing" substrates: carrion, feces, etc., to a large extent, as sources of nitrogen.

Unfortunately, I don't remember the quote on the spot either, but honey contains a lot of peptides. Conventionally, these are "short proteins". By the way, among other BAS, they determine the biological activity of the product. But the mass fraction of them is such that honey banks in Italy will definitely not write this.

 
In general, this is not surprising, since many insects are not indifferent to such "appetizing" substrates: carrion, feces, etc., to a large extent, as sources of nitrogen.

In a normal bee family, there is usually always an excess of protein preserved in the honeycomb in the form of parchment. An insufficient amount of it can be observed only during the mass cultivation of brood in spring, when there are few flowering plants in nature. And even then, the queen bees then simply reduce the oviposition, and the bees do not need to climb through the garbage cans then.
Maybe they weren't bees, but wasps usually like to visit hot spots.

Why do bees need hot spots ? - workers are sterile! And these, excuse me, are the latrines.

Why do bees need hot spots ? - workers are sterile! And these, excuse me, are the latrines.

I put it a little wrong, the latrines...
But even worker bees are not sterile, they simply have underdeveloped sexual organs.
If the family loses the uterus and there is no open brood, then the bees begin to fatten the young bees with royal jelly and these bees become capable of oviposition after a while and lay unfertilized eggs, from which drones are hatched.
These drones are not able to mate with drones, and the family dies after a while.
Somewhere I remember coming across information that sometimes among the eggs laid by tinder there are eggs with a diploid set of chromosomes, from which later bees are able to grow a full-fledged uterus, but this information has not been verified and has not yet been confirmed.
Although, on the other hand, it is not entirely clear why bees are trying so hard to breed tinder bees in every motherless family, if the family is still doomed to death.

Or maybe just because they need to feed someone royal jelly? Since it stands out?

"But worker bees are not sterile, they just have underdeveloped sexual organs. ... These drones are not able to mate with drones... " Well, from this point of view, they are sterile!
"...it is not entirely clear why bees try so hard to breed drone bees in every motherless family, if the family is still doomed to death." I don't know, it's not my topic, but if I see something, I'll definitely read it and share the source...

Or maybe just because they need to feed someone royal jelly? Since it stands out?

The milk is released, but from the point of view of expediency and survival of the species, it would be better for the bees to disperse to neighboring bee colonies. Moreover, they have a well-developed instinct for receiving foreign bees into the bee family - a foreign bee slowly approaches the entrance to the nest, making peculiar movements and making sounds of a certain key. Guard bees understand them well and usually let them into their nest unhindered.
That's where they would spend the released royal jelly on feeding the brood.

Unfortunately, I don't remember the quote on the spot either, but honey contains a lot of peptides. Conventionally, these are "short proteins". By the way, among other BAS, they determine the biological activity of the product. But the mass share of them is such that they will definitely not write this on honey cans in Italy.

It's usually accurate to a tenth of a percent, so the amino acids are there (I'm sure they are), but they're definitely less than 1%, and that's probably too little for growing larvae. So parchment is the main source for sure...

 

But even worker bees are not sterile, they simply have underdeveloped sexual organs. ... These drones are not able to mate with drones...

Well, from this point of view, they are sterile!

No... if they can lay eggs, then they are no longer sterile - they also have sexual products, so...

Somewhere I remember coming across information that sometimes among the eggs laid by tinder there are eggs with a diploid set of chromosomes, from which later bees are able to grow a full-fledged uterus, but this information has not been verified and has not yet been confirmed.

it looks strange - after all, it will turn out individuals with a doubled set of chromosomes (which is generally bad if such an individual is a uterus, because it will be absolutely homozygous). Bees are not cloned!

Although, on the other hand, it is not entirely clear why bees are trying so hard to breed tinder bees in every motherless family, if the family is still doomed to death.

well, in my opinion, everything is simple here - drones bred in this way can fly to other families, and mate with their queens, so if the family dies, its genes will still remain.

A Chromocenter colleague!
Sterility is (in this sense) INABILITY TO PRODUCE OFFSPRING. If the sexual apparatus does not function, fertilization will not occur (I hope we will not make jokes about "test-tube babies" and"finger-made babies"!). And whether there are viable gametes inside or not...
Pay attention: "But worker bees are not sterile, they just have underdeveloped sexual organs. If the family loses the uterus and there is no open brood, then the bees begin to fatten the YOUNG bees with royal jelly and these bees become capable of oviposition after a while." Here is the answer to "if it can...": while the development can go according to the scenario "young working female - - - uterus" - it goes, but at a certain stage it becomes impossible. And these last ones are really sterile!

 
it looks strange - after all, it will turn out individuals with a doubled set of chromosomes (which is generally bad if such an individual is a uterus, because it will be absolutely homozygous). Bees are not cloned!

If it was possible, what's wrong with that. The family would survive, and the drones and the next generations of queens from that queen would be heterozygous.
When breeding, closely related crosses are often used to consolidate the necessary traits. Another question is, is it even possible for an egg with a double set to appear ? And not only in bees..

well, in my opinion, everything is simple here - drones bred in this way can fly to other families, and mate with their queens, so if the family dies, its genes will still remain.

Hm. It might just as well be assumed that the death of a queen in a family is partly natural due to the poor heredity of this line of bees, or (more plausibly) due to the fact that the heredity was worsened by the drones that fertilized this queen (it gives birth to bees with bad signs in the family, normal development is disrupted) and
the appearance of a homozygous uterus from a tinder box sheds the burden of bad heredity.

Papaver - I don't want to look for a definition of sterility, and I think that disputes about the definition are rather meaningless. In my opinion, are they able to make gametes? are any viable gametes produced? Yes. and the ability to fertilize is not only your business, but also the one with whom you mate...

If it was possible, what's wrong with that. The family would survive, and the drones and the next generations of queens from that queen would be heterozygous.
When breeding, closely related crosses are often used to consolidate the necessary traits. Another question is, is it even possible for an egg with a double set to appear ? And not only in bees..

there is such a possibility - complete non-divergence of chromosomes - as a result, a double set will fall into one cell in the second division of meiosis, and nothing will fall into the other. This is rare, but it happens, since cells where only one chromosome has not diverged are quite viable in the future, then in principle, if all of them have not diverged, they are also viable. However, this is still bad - because it simply negates the advantages that diploidity gives - and the main one is that you can accumulate much more mutations, which (or rather, their combinations) can in principle be useful in the evolution (if anything...) of bees, like everyone else in the world. "mostly diploid" (in hymenoptera, males are haploid, but they don't do much, so the actual homozygosity of many mutations is not so terrible for them), but if we have a uterus, and with it the whole family will be like this, then too much will come out, which should be in a heterozygous state. Incest is an example of this condition - and it always is - among people, incest is considered a moral norm in almost all cultures, as it often leads to too bad results. And this is even more than incest. What is used in breeding - so there we have a different task in principle-there is a task to get an organism with the specified characteristics, and even if it is less viable, it is not so terrible-so it will be necessary to better monitor it. So there is no need for such "pseudo-haploid" uterus. (by the way, I've already heard twice that purebred dogs live less, and the mortality rate of puppies is higher, but everything is the same-homozygosity of mutations)

Hm. It might just as well be assumed that the death of a queen in a family is partly natural due to the poor heredity of this line of bees, or (more plausibly) due to the fact that the heredity was worsened by the drones that fertilized this queen (it gives birth to bees with bad signs in the family, normal development is disrupted) and
the appearance of a homozygous uterus from a tinder box sheds the burden of bad heredity.

in general, of course, but what is the genetic component here is difficult to say, and in any case, the chance for any kind of randomness is great here, but I have already written full homozygosity than bad...

 
there is such a possibility - complete non-divergence of chromosomes - as a result, a double set will fall into one cell in the second division of meiosis, and nothing will fall into the other. This is rare, but it happens, because cells where only one chromosome has not diverged are quite viable in the future, then in principle, if all of them have not diverged, they are also viable.
...
well, full homozygosity, I have already written what is bad...

And did you come across any articles or books that describe the development of a diploid individual from a haploid set in an egg in bees, or in any other insects?
I know what is wrong with a homozygous set of chromosomes, but it was just one of the possible scenarios for preserving the viability of the bee family.

And did you come across any articles or books that describe the development of a diploid individual from a haploid set in an egg in bees, or in any other insects?

I don't recall, alas... where I read about non-divergence, it all stopped there.

I know what's wrong with a homozygous set of chromosomes, but it was just one of the possible scenarios for preserving the viability of the bee family.

and well, on the principle of "on bezrybye and cancer fish" will do...

I don't recall, alas... where I read about non-divergence, it all stopped there.

As always, on the most interesting things..

I don't recall, alas... where I read about non-divergence, it all stopped there.

Isn't this from this opera?
Amazon ants ( Biological Sciences )
Termite colonies