Maintenance of Orthoptera

To breed - did not breed, and to keep-kept. Even grew from newly born larvae to imago. Imagos once lived all autumn (the record is until January 1). Decticus, Tettigonia, Platycleidini. Representatives of the first two genera are well fed with insects (caterpillars, butterflies, fillies) + green plants, such as dandelion leaves (others eat them too). In extreme cases - fruit and white bread.

to Arnau

I bred Tettigonia caudata, Conocephalus discolor, Poecilimon intermedius,
Phaneroptera falcata. True, no more than one generation, then released.
But I can give you some advice. Take a look, for example, here - maybe there is already an
answer to your questions?
http://molbiol.ru/forums/index.php?showtopic=49616
- topic "WHO IS a GRASSHOPPER OR a CRICKET?"

Thank you all!

But M. B. is someone holding grasshoppers right now? I mean, the exotic ones.
I really want to buy a few!

The Donetsk mini-zoo contains Mecopoda sp., Tachycines asynamorus, Tropidacris violaceus, and Phaeophilacris bredoides.
http://www.minizoo.donetsk.ua/
And in the Tula exotarium, it seems, there are some grasshoppers. Try messing with them.

Tachycynes "in the wild" a few years ago were found in the greenhouses of BINA and St. Petersburg State University (as now-I don't know). True, this animal seems to be "deaf and dumb", and not quite a grasshopper.

2 andr_mih, I constantly get fresh price lists both from Donetsk and from the Zoo Complex In Donetsk now only Mecopoda sp remains, but they are too large, I will not take them yet. And the Zoo Complex just sold me the males of Phaeophilacris bredoides . Now I'm looking for females.
2 PVOzerski, Tachycynes really aren't exactly grasshoppers. I want to clarify: they do not "sing"at all?

I can't say for sure about the tachycynes, although I'm pretty sure they don't sing. In principle, femoral acoustic devices are known in some Stenopelmatoidea. It seems that they are considered to be used not for intraspecific communication, but for issuing "protest signals". Although after our Insect Expert's work on tetrig-ides, I wouldn't be surprised if raphidophorids still have acoustic communication . Despite the fact that there are no wings or tympanic organs. There are chordotonal sensillae. And probably the popliteal organs, too.

For Anostostomatidae (Stenopelmatidae), the presence of tremulation signals, vibrations through the substrate is known (McVean, A. & L. H. Field. 1996. Communication by substratum vibration in the New Zealand tree weta, Hemideina
femorata (Stenopelmatidae: Orthoptera). J. Zool. 239: 101-122). Give me live Tachycineses and we'll listen to them on the vibstand

I am!And what?

2 Demon and what are they?

I keep it.

Cool, but no one knows about it. Tell us what, do not hesitate plz.

I keep both residents of the middle zone and exotic ones. If you're interested, come on in Hren262008d@mail.ru

Can someone tell you the subtleties of the content of grasshoppers? Mine for some reason fell apart very quickly, whether I kept them in a wet environment or in a dry one-it doesn't matter, I even tried to imitate a part of the meadow.
After mating, the female devoured the male (killed). Has anyone noticed this? Canibalism was observed in general terrible, so you can only keep it alone?

They won't be alive again in the summer. Although I have one who lived until February, a late small individual of the songbird, which rested in an egg in a cold ravine while the others were already growing for a long time.
It is best to keep them alone, and feed them NOT GRASS, but black mountain ash, white berries(?) with shrubs, red mountain ash and all sorts of fruits that they could have consumed while still living in the wild, where they were caught. Even in the ration of feeding your lover includes live food, from it only-moths, butterflies, flies.
Another option is to keep track of where the female laid her eggs(for example, the sunny side of the slope) and mark this place by sticking a wire in the ground. Eggs must pass strictly two-month freezing(incubation) and only at the end of January, you can take a shovel and cut down this piece of land, put it in an aquarium/insectarium, previously covering the top with gauze or what is better with tulle or a mosquito net so that they do not run away. They will start feeding on young grass that will start to sprout there. Do not allow the soil to dry out.
The main thing!!!- only subspecies of the green grasshopper-songbird, green longwing, tailed grasshopper, and plate-winged grasshopper-can be artificially kept. And gray, white-browed and horse racing varieties WILL NOT SURVIVE in CAPTIVITY.

I don't like being categorical ... "THEY WON'T SURVIVE.". it's like in the Middle Ages they said that such and such animals in zoos DO NOT BREED. or neon lights in aquariums.
if you throw in all your strength, create an ultra-violet sublight, fully simulate the conditions, then how much would they not survive? Another thing is that it can be very difficult and not worth it for those blacksmiths. but if you set a goal..

Will the dybki survive? Since autumn, I have "sown" 20 eggs of dyba, without cooling and with cooling - so far no hatching.

> subspecies of the green grasshopper are songbird, green longwing, tailed grasshopper, and plate - winged grasshopper.
Well, "subspecies" - especially the last one, from another subfamily, No offense: you can sort out the taxonomy of grasshoppers a little, at least using simple definitions! You are welcome! If you have any questions, start a topic in "Classification" - we will tell you.

In general, I brought Decticus verrucivorus and Platycleis grisea to adults from the 1st age-however, the percentage of larval death was large. But it is necessary to feed regularly, including juicy food.

But one question is very interesting: several times I met indications of a long-term diapause in our Tettigoniinae=Decticinae. True, there are doubts about jumps on this topic: eggs in the stalks of cereals will not survive two seasons.

This post was edited by PVOzerski - 01.01.2010 20: 41

Dybki normally displayed but they have an incubation period of two years..in other words, they will be displayed in a year.
*
damn again about the classification without defining what a species is and how it differs from a subspecies... and at the same time-to teach...
and about grasshoppers like Fabre wrote in some detail (how to breed them) ...

2BOTNIK: Tettigonia cantans, T. viridissima and T. caudata are quite "good species", although of the same genus, from the subfamily Tettigoniinae. Plastinoptera are representatives of a completely different subfamily, Phaneropterinae (most often-Phaneroptera and Tylopsis). They are very different from green grasshoppers and behavior, and food specialization, and the place of laying eggs. That's why I teach And, if it's not a secret: where did Fabre write how to breed (and not just keep) grasshoppers? That is, of course, I do not rule out that in the French original he may have about this (adjusted for the conditions of Southern France)...

well, the fact that these are quite "good views" remains a declaration...
because it is not said why these are not subspecies, i.e. how one differs from the other.
Fabre about grasshoppers and their content with breeding is in the reprint edition
"Instinct and morals of insects" Volume II, J. A. Fabre, Moscow "Terra-Terra" 1993
p
. 374-392 Perhaps this is not considered a full-fledged laboratory methods, but in general information shaft...

If you don't want it to be a declaration, pay attention, first of all, to the intersections of areas, and secondly, to significant differences in call signals. I recommend you to look at the monograph of K.-G. Heller ( Heller) - I hope it is quite convincing. In terms of calling signals, you can also look at our article (Ozerski and Shchekanov, 2009) - there are two types considered: one (T. cantans) signal is a simple trill, the second (T. viridissima) is a trill of double pulses. Although someone may want to combine blueberries and cranberries in one type - a flag in their hands...

As for Fabre, I admit that he completed the full cycle of development of Decticus albifrons from egg to egg. However, what is true about it will most likely not apply to our grasshoppers. The white-fronted grasshopper is a representative of the Mediterranean fauna, in Russia it is found only in the south. Accordingly, it has a number of biological features. For example, his eggs in Fabre's experiments emerged from diapause without cold reactivation. This is normal for the south of France. And for middle Russia?

Babochnik, thank you, comforted me I wanted to release dybok in one interesting place this year and here it is... Now at least I wouldn't forget about them. Although, it is hard to believe that all eggs can withstand a two-year diapause without exception, at least someone should come out in one off-season. Spring will show

By the way, about cold reactivation... Here is the material for observations

This post was edited by PVOzerski - 02.01.2010 00: 56

By the way, I think I read somewhere here on the forum that supposedly if the eggs of the dybki are not cooled, they hatch in 2-3 months, and if they are cooled, then in a year or two. And nothing like that, already 5 months have passed since the moment of laying, and no one has hatched, and the eggs are not lost, but they do not develop. But I left 20 eggs outside where they were exposed to T below 0C for exactly 20 days. While they are warm for a week..

If not difficult, in the spring (well, or earlier ) write about the results.

Well, differences in singing are also phenotypic gadgets...and the example is no more convincing than coloring. Why can't this be changed by selection?
I'm talking about a subspecies...and criteria. How many here did not discuss and they were not brought out.
Unfortunately.
Fabre gives a general outline of how and what. And if you have a head on your shoulders, then you can think about "stratification".
I specifically did not dig on this topic because grasshoppers contained because-insofar.
But surely there is information... if memory serves, there were materials on the disk of the symposium at the Moscow ZOO...I'll check it out tomorrow. It was definitely about the bears. Like grasshoppers like decticus, too. If there is, I'll copy it and post it.
I once sent Gren Dybki to St. Petersburg to Anton Bibilov and they ran out in a year. I don't remember what happened next... he used to feed them thrips of some sort.
He zhezh (Bibilov-nickname Nitens) appeared here recently, you can write in a personal account and ask.
Personally, after 3 months, the larvae did not hatch. This is stopudovo.
And where was the culture collected if it's not a secret?

I actually know Anton Bibilov "personally" - since I am connected with him by the same university As for Fabre - I honestly found a description of his actions with D. albifrons. It looks like it didn't cool anything. Finally, on the criteria of the species in erect-winged birds... In my opinion, this is an offtop that should have been made a separate topic , but oh well. So, in my opinion, differences in singing are a very significant isolation mechanism. In the absence of clinal variability, it alone is sufficient to separate the species. And these tettigonias are also sympathetic - here on the forum there was a lot of discussion about the overlap of their ranges in the Moscow region. This is not to mention the strong morphological differences. If you try to reorient orthopterologists-taxonomists to, say, karyology - here a fiasco is guaranteed. At least in locusts there are entire tribes, including many genera, where most species have the same number of chromosomes - and these species differ both habitually, and in songs, and in ecology, and in ranges.

That's the whole point - they can overlap somewhere unmixable and somewhere easily mixed. There are plenty of such examples.
Disk from Potekhin I found-
*
Cultivation of Orthoptera in laboratory conditions
O. S. Korsunovskaya
Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Keeping and breeding of grasshoppers

Grasshoppers (nadsem. Tettigonioidea)* is the most difficult object to cultivate. The reason for this is the presence of persistent embryonic diapause in palearctic species, the duration of which in many grasshoppers reaches several years.

Features of development. Diapause in grasshoppers is divided into several stages: initial, middle, and final, which can be either facultative or obligate [see fig. review by Ingrisch and Koehler, 1998]. The onset of diapause is genetically determined and / or determined by external factors (temperature, humidity, light) that affect both the eggs themselves and the female during egg laying. The duration of embryonic and larval development also depends on light and temperature conditions. Table 2 below summarizes information about the life cycle, the nature of embryonic diapause, and other biological features of European grasshoppers that were bred in insectariums (marked with an asterisk) or are of interest for introduction to culture.
The duration of larval development at optimal temperature in grasshoppers reaches 3-4 months. The number of larval instars varies from 5 to 7. Adult insects usually live for 2-3 months. Puberty in most early-summer species occurs a few days after the final molt. Late-summer species (for example, Phaneroptera nana) begin to reproduce only 3 weeks after molting on the adult (Bey-Bienko, 1954). Grasshoppers lay their eggs either in the soil or in plants.

Feed. According to the type of food, these insects are divided into predators (genera Saga, Tettigonia, Pholidoptera, Decticus, etc.), whose diet, however, includes a variety of plants, and phytophages (Phaneropteridae: genera Leptophyes, Phaneroptera, Isophya, Poecilimon; Bradyporidae: Ephippiger, etc.), many of which do not give up animal life food (for example, weakened or recently deceased relatives), although they do not actively hunt. In the laboratory, grasshoppers are given cabbage, lettuce, grated carrots, fruits, and grains of cereals in addition to herbaceous plants (dandelions, clover, and alfalfa). Phaneropteridae develop well if the leaves and flowers of rose hips, fruit trees, blackberries, raspberries are obtained as food.
Grasshoppers are characterized by a well-developed acoustic communication, and in some families (for example, Phaneropteridae, Bradyporidae) sounds are made not only by males, but also by females.
_________________________
* - Only grasshoppers inhabiting temperate latitudes are considered.

Table 2. Biological features of some European grasshoppers (according to Ingrisch and Koehler, 1998).
Type Number of eggs (per 1 female) Temperature range at which larval development occurs Egg-laying location Feeding pattern Number of larval instars Embryonic diapause
Leptophyes punctatis-sima* 200-250 15-33 Dry stems, bark cracks Phytophagy 6 Nf, Zb
Phaneroptera nana* 92-305 Leaf blade Phytophagy 6? Ca
Tettigonia viridissima* 70-232 18-33 Soil Mainly predation 7 Noble,
Wb T. cantans 169 18-33 Soil Mainly predation 6 Noble,
Wb Decticus verrucivorus 262 23-37 Soil Mainly predation 7 Nf, Noble, Wb
Ruspolia nitidula* Leaf axils Phytophagia 5-6 Ca
Saga pedo* Soil Predation 6 Noble,
Wb Designations: Noble and Nf are the initial obligate and facultative stages of diapause that occur at the beginning of embryogenesis; Ca is the middle stage of diapause, the duration of which can be reduced under certain conditions; Sb and Zb are the middle and final stages of diapause, the duration of which cannot be reduced.

Impact of detention conditions

Since many erect-winged plants are forage crops, it is useful to know what environmental factors affect or may affect their productivity, in particular, the rate of development and fecundity of insects. The main parameters are temperature and photoperiod.
As mentioned above, an increase in temperature in most cases accelerates development, but increases the mortality of all preimaginal stages and reduces the life expectancy of adults. An exception is Paeophilacris bredoides, which develops longer when the temperature rises to +30° C (Friedrich and Volland, 1998). According to some data (Hoffmann, 1974), it is useful to change the temperature during the day to increase productivity. Thus, the fertility of G. bimaculatus can be increased by 40 % if +33° C is maintained during the day and +35 °C at night.
The light mode in which producers are kept affects not only the timing of offspring development, but also fecundity. In the blacksmith Platycleis albopunctata, the number of eggs laid by one female during a long light period (light period - 16 hours, dark period - 8 hours, or 16C/8T) was 287-343, and during a short day (8 hours) - only 201-209 (Helfert, 1980). Females of many grasshoppers (for example, Leptophyes punctatissima) with a long light day (16C/8T) lay eggs without an initial diapause, as a result, development takes only a year. Eggs laid in late summer at 14C / 10T diapause much longer, and development is delayed up to 2 years. An exception is the grasshopper Pholidoptera griseoaptera, which has the opposite pattern: the initial embryonic diapause does not occur if the eggs are laid at a short light day: 14C/10T (Ingrisch, 1986). The duration of larval development depends on the light regime in different species in different ways. Thus, the larvae of the grasshopper P. albopunctata grow faster at 16C/8T, whereas in the grasshopper Phaneroptera nana, the cricket Gryllus campestris, and the filly Chorthippus parallelus, on the contrary, a short light period accelerates development (Koehler, 1996).
An important factor affecting productivity is the composition of the feed. Crickets that receive small rodent food containing protein and vitamin supplements develop approximately 1.5 times faster [B. Yasyukevich, personal message].
There is no doubt that the density of insects in cages is also very important. Excessive crowding leads in most species not only to cannibalism, but also to hormonal shifts that cause the group effect. It was discovered in locusts by B. P. Uvarov and is expressed in changes in body shape, color, metabolism and reduced fertility. The gregarious form of locusts differs from the solitary one by smaller body size, a straight pronotum in profile, dark coloration, shorter hind thighs, greater endurance, the ability to fast for a longer time, and reduced fecundity. These features are explained by a lower titer of juvenile hormone in the hemolymph as a result of inhibition of the activity of the endocrine glands-adjacent bodies - under the influence of visual, olfactory and mechanical stimuli, the source of which is neighboring individuals.
Later, this mechanism of population regulation was described in herbivorous grasshoppers (Polysarcus, Isophya) and other locust species (Dociostaurus maroccanus, Calliptamus italicus, etc.); to a lesser extent, similar changes (except for pigmentation and body shape) are observed in non-greedy locusts and crickets.

Acknowledgements

The author is grateful to A. Benediktov (Moscow State University), M. Berezin, E. Tkacheva, T. Kompantseva (Moscow Zoo), I. Roma and A. Napolov (Riga Zoo) for valuable advice and material provided.

References
1. Beibienko G. Ya. Pryamokryl'nye Vol. II, vol. 2. Grasshoppers, subsem. Leafhoppers (Phaneropterinae) / Fauna of the USSR, nov. Seriya, 59, 1954.
2. Borisova A. E. Vospitanie vostochnoi i asiaticheskoi perelet'noi locustchi na polusinteticheskikh sredy [Education of eastern and Asian migratory locusts on semi-synthetic media]. Zool. zhurnal, 45(6), 1966, pp. 858-864.
3. Vakhrushev B. To help the terrariumist - Tarbinskiellus portentosus (Ensifera, Grylloidea). Biology observations and breeding technology// Online site www.yakzooex.narod.ru 2001.
4. Zhantiev R. D. Bioacoustics of insects, Moscow: MSU Publishing House, 1981. 256 p.
5. Zhantiev R. D., Korsunovskaya O. S. 1973. Zvukovaya signalizatsiya I nekotorye kharakteristiki auditory sistemy medvedok (Orthoptera, Gryllotalpidae) / / Zool. zh., 52(126
. Knyazev A. N. Cycle of development of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus Deg. (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) in laboratory conditions// Entomol. Obozr., 64(1), 1985, pp. 58-74.
7. Alexander R. D., Otte D. The evolution of genitalia and mating behavior in crickets (Gryllidae) and other Orthoptera. - Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No 133, 1967, pp.1-62.
8. Friedrich U., Volland W. Futtertierzucht. Lebendfutter fuer Vivarientiere. Stuttgart: E.Ulmer Verl., 1998. 187 S.
9. Hahn E. Untersuchungen ueber die Lebensweise und Entwicklung der Maulwurfsgrille (Gryllotalpa vulgaris Latr.) im Lande Brandenburg// Beitr. Entomol. Bd 8, Nr ?, 1958, ss. 334-365
10. Harz K. Geradfluegler oder Orthopteren (Blattodea, Mantodea, Saltatoria, Dermaptera). Jena: Fischer, 1960. 232 S.
11. Helfert B. Die regulative Wirkung von Photoperiode und Temperatur auf den Lebenszyklus oekologisch unteraschidlicher Tettigoniiden-Arten (Orthoptera, Saltatoria). 1. Teil: Larvalentwiklung, Reproduktion und Lebensdauer der Parentalgeneration// Zool. Jb. Syst., Jena, 107, 1980, ss. 159-182.
12. Hoffmann K.H. Wirkung von konstanten und tagesperiodisch alternierenden Temperaturen auf Lebensdauer, Nahrungsverwertung und Fertili-taet adulter Gryllus bimaculatus// Oecologia, Berlin, 17, 1974, ss. 39-54.
13. Ingrisch S. The plurennial life cycle of the European Tettigoniidae (Insecta: Orthoptera). 2. Effect of photoperiod on the induction of an initial diapause// Oecologia, Berlin, 70, 1986, ss. 617-623.
14. Ingrisch S., Koehler G. Die Heuschrecken Mitteleuropas / Die Neue Brehm-Buecherei, Bd 629, Magdeburg: Westarp Wissenschafrten, 1998. 460 S.
15. Koehler G. The ecological background of population vulnerability in central European grasshoppers and bush crickets: a brief review// In: Settele J., Margules C., Poschlod P., Henle K. (eds) Species survival in fragmented landscapes. Kluwer Acad. Publs, 1996. ss. 290-298.
16. Wyniger R. Insektenzucht. Stuttgart: E.Ulmer Verlag, 1974. 368 S.

if necessary, I'll throw information on locusts and bears. Not much, but better than nothing...
Ksta Sinyaev once brought grasshoppers in cages from China. Here they sang mlin!
And there were the horses themselves. Told me how they took them through their customs, I thought I would die of laughter

This post was edited by Babochnik - 02.01.2010 02: 03

Simply put, horse racing and gray grasshoppers can't live in captivity because they need freedom, literally and figuratively. First of all, pay attention to their jumping limbs - you can immediately see that they do not crowd like green on one bush for three days. Greys constantly jump and change their location, and live only in open, flat expanses.
In any case, they did not survive in the house for more than a week.

Yes, they live Another thing, that they have more "waste" than the greens. Besides, why - ? And indeed, there is a special feature: when they get sick, they start to "lose" their hind legs first.

They lose their hind legs not from the fact that they are "bad", but because of powerful jumps in a confined space, breaking their paws on the road. And they are also unable to digest food properly in captivity due to lack of movement.
Of course, they can be kept, as Fabre wrote, but only in huge cloth cages standing on the garden plot and where the land is free for access. I have so lived in the cage 1m by 1m, but no more than 2 weeks - then they became sluggish, stopped "cycling" and naturally reclined. Although the cage stood on the sunny side and was stretched over a rare low grass, as in nature. Insects for food, I also threw them there quite a bit.
But the green family lives perfectly in such conditions. When it got colder and the old ones died, I took two "late" ones into the house and they live to this day. These are two male songbirds. True, they are already quite old - after all, January is in the yard, and at this time nature "does not show" them)
Just last week, I cut down the ground from the sonechny slope, where I watched the female laying eggs in that place, and placed it in an insectarium. Three had hatched, two songbirds and one gray, but two had already died. Apparently, they do not have enough light, (you need some kind of ultra-violet lamp with svetovitamin, which is used for breeding crickets) they are lettuce-green and transparent. But the old ones live completely without light and do not care about a 6-hour short day.
Here I have twenty more ootek mantises lying around on my balcony(Kazakhstan), well, these definitely won't ripen without the sun, so I'll have to wait until summer, although I have a lot of small crickets and there would be enough food for everyone. But the short and wet St. Petersburg summer will also not contribute to their good maturation. And where I dialed them , it's already over +20 from the beginning of May and also until November itself, and the sun is shining every day. And in St. Petersburg there is no sun at all....

In my terrarium with street plants, ordinary praying mantises and ameleses hatched and grew. So also lives a cricket, from small, and lived for some time an adult horse of some kind, a female. True, I "released" it quite soon, otherwise it would have eaten the entire ecosystem, plants in the sense. But the mantises unfortunately did not survive - they were simply eaten by various spiders, and there was not enough food for them there. Light there is 160W of ordinary fluorescent lamps.

As for jumping as the main reason for the "loss" of hind legs, I strongly doubt it. As for the indigestion of food, this is possible, but, apparently, it is corrected by the correct selection of food.

And I had an adult praying mantis in winter, and for quite a long time - from December to April. He didn't need a light at all - he was an adult! Light is only needed for young animals, like blacksmiths with crickets, and praying mantises.

Nah, I've seen a gray one jump into an obstacle(like a soft mosquito net, not to mention a plastic insectarium) and just turn out the brine. It begins to drag helplessly and is taken away from him.
And the food is the same as in nature-flies and moths.
By the way, I noticed such a death of greys in the wild, which eliminated the problem of getting maggots for fishing. And in the dog smelly in the gutter do not need to climb!)) At the end of the summer, the grays no longer jumped on the mound, but crawled helplessly, dragging their bellies behind them. I opened them, and in the back of each 8-10 large maggots!!! Apparently, when they catch blue flies, the eggs are not all digested, and the remaining ones begin to develop freely and parasitize in the body of the gray one. Mostly, for some reason, always in females.

I opened them, and in the back of each 8-10 large maggots!!! Apparently, when they catch blue flies, the eggs are not all digested, and the remaining ones begin to develop freely and parasitize in the body of the gray one. Mostly, for some reason, always in females.

I think this is most likely the larvae of parasitic flies Tachinidae