Translation of a book about nature - help with terminology. About Hymenoptera and butterflies

Community and Forum → Taxonomy. Classification → Translation of a book about nature - help with terminology. About Hymenoptera and butterflies

Prolybitherium, 30.03.2017 19:34

Hello, dear forumchane!
Currently, I am doing it for the soul (not for money, just for free, and I plan to post the book on my website for everyone) translation of one of the most interesting books: "The Forgotten Pollinators". During the translation process, a number of questions appeared, the answers to which I chronically cannot find on the Internet. Knowledgeable people recommended that I contact them here and suggested that someone might be able to help. My questions are from different areas of knowledge, and I will be happy to get answers to them, since the lack of information really slows down the work. I'm afraid to give a line-by-line translation and tracing papers from names, so as not to produce unnecessary entities, so I want to clarify the information. (I repeat this, because I created a similar theme in the botanical section)
Entomology questions are as follows:

Hymenoptera:

- Squash and gourd bees – the English name used in the book for single bees Xenoglossa, Peponapis. Does this concept have a Russian equivalent, or is it acceptable to translate it simply as "pumpkin bees"?

- is it acceptable to call euglossin bees "orchid bees"in Russian? In the English text, they are called "orchid bees". Do they have a common Russian name, apart from transliteration from Latin?

- Is there a special term for the concept of "provision mass"in Russian? This refers to a mass of pollen and nectar – a supply of food that a single bee puts in a cell for its larva. In principle, I could translate it word-by-word, and it would be clear, but at the end of the book there is a dictionary, and the author enters this expression there. That's why I'm asking.

- Cactus-loving bees-this name is found in several books by the author. What is the scientific name of these bees? It is used in the same context as carpenter bees, halictids, and so on. Hence, I conclude that this is a trivial name for some group of bees.

- is it acceptable in Russian to use the name "membrane bee" for bees of the colletidae family? If not, what is an acceptable Russian name?

- overlapping generations – is there a special term for the phenomenon when in social hymenoptera the life time of the uterus overlaps with the life time of working individuals?

- sonication – the phenomenon when a pollinating insect extracts pollen from a plant by vibration: another name for vibrational pollination. Is there a Russian equivalent for the name of this phenomenon? ("sound processing"?)

Butterflies

- Lange's metalmark butterfly (Apodemia mormo langei) – there is a name for this subspecies of butterflies in the English Wiki, but the question is: does it have a Russian name? If not, what is the correct name for this butterfly in Russian?

- Melinus hairstreaks – we are talking about tailed butterflies (from the number of pigeons). Does this species have a Russian name? If not, what is the correct way to name it?

I am very much looking forward to answering these questions. There are still questions about translating the names of environmental organizations into Russian. Can anyone help with them?
The book is this one:

user posted image

Comments

31.03.2017 0:29, Кархарот

Regarding hymenoptera:
1. No and no. It is better to write "bees of the genera zenoglossa and peponapis".
2. Better yet, "euglossin bees".
3. This is called a "loaf of bread".
4. I've never met her. Googled this author, and it turns out that in one case it seems to look like a trivial name for some bees: "fig wasps, sphecid and vespid wasps, sweat bees, squash and gourd bees, carpenter bees, andrenid bees, bumblebees, mason bees, leafcutter bees, and cactus-loving bees", that is, nutcrackers, burrowing and folding-winged wasps, halictid bees, bees of the genera zenoglossa and peponapis, carpenter bees, andrenid bees, bumblebees, stonemasons, leafcutters, and...???
But in another book I found this: "Most bees are floral generalists that visit many different species of flowers for pollen and/or nectar. In deserts, these specialists bees predominate. They include cactus-loving bees, mallow bees, and sunflower specialists." In general, this is some kind of nonsense: most bees are generalists, but in the deserts these (which???) specialists. But in general, it looks more like trophic groups than taxonomic ones. I'm afraid that you can find out this question only on the forum of American entomologists (after all, there is one, probably?).
Or maybe the author of the book himself copied from somewhere, without understanding?
5. No, "colletid bees".
6. Not sure, maybe "overlapping generations"?
7. No, write "vibrational pollination", this is basically correct.

The terms are clear - you need to ask specialists. But as for names , don't expect Russian names for taxa that don't occur in Eurasia. Translating any names is usually pointless. We call the Scotia pine a common pine, and the Greek juniper a tall juniper. So the only way out is to search for the English name in Latin, and then in Latin-the Russian name. If it is not present, transcription is better. Sometimes there are difficulties. English wasps are not necessarily Russian wasps, and Russian butterflies are not always English butterflies. You need to try very hard to avoid getting an over-the-brain translation. I have not yet seen a single translation of popular science publications on biology from English to Russian, so that it does not have "superbrain".

P.S. I found something, here (opens slowly). Perhaps cactus bees are Diadasia. Although they are also mentioned among mallow bees (along with Ptilothrix). What kind of bees are meant by sunflower specialists, it is difficult to say. Apparently, these are some kind of Megachile (leafcutter bees, but note that not all types of megachiles are leafcutters, among them there are bricklayers).

This post was edited by Carcharot - 31.03.2017 00: 46

Likes: 1

31.03.2017 6:59, Prolybitherium

Thank you so much for your help! Especially with "cactus bees".
The trouble is that some terms are listed in the glossary by the author, or the type of bee is not named in the text. Then you will have to break your head with them. Well, or mark in a footnote to the text that the term is used in English-language literature, but there is no equivalent in Russian. Can I do that?

About the bread rolls. In the glossary, the authors have such a concept, but in relation to the honey bee, as I understand it:

bee bread. The vernacular name for pollen combined with nectar or honey and stored in open hexagonal comb cells by honeybees. Since the mixture also contains unique beneficial microbes added by the bees, this can be considered a case of microbial farming.

And there is this concept:

provision mass. The amassed mixture of pollen, nectar, and often bodily secretions from female bees used as the complete diet for solitary bees. Such bees are said to be mass-provisioned because their larvae receive all the food they require, from egg to adult, at one time from their mother.

As I understand it, these are two different things?

And who would help with the butterflies?

31.03.2017 10:33, Кархарот

Well, or mark in a footnote to the text that the term is used in English-language literature, but there is no equivalent in Russian. Can I do that?

Why not? I think that would be the right thing to do. Some phrases can't be translated at all. For example, I met "wasp flowers" - in the sense of these plants, the flowers of which were dominated by visitors from among the Vespidae.

bee bread is parchment, and provision mass (=pollen loaf) is bread (yes, these are different things). Although about "provision mass" it is quite possible to say also "provisions stored in the cell".

Yes, and I apologize, in my first post I automatically wrote "nutty" instead of halcid (nutty is gall wasps).

This post was edited by Carcharot - 03/31/2017 10: 45

Likes: 1

01.04.2017 23:54, xoshAmadam

Or here, for example, a story overheard on the forum of terrariumists: our Americans asked us to bring them a particularly cool and beautiful snake called "netchik". After a long trial, it turned out that this is Natrix natrix-an ordinary snake

Have you ever talked to a real American in your life, just for fun?
They do not speak easily, this is a fact, but natrix is pronounced quite clearly-with nuances, essno, and " ks "at the end is more often like" h " - "natrich".

The snake story has been told since the Paleozoic, but I have no idea who invented it; no one has ever considered snakes either valuable or beautiful. Although they were taken from Europok to the United States, rarely and secretly, essno; but they didn't really bother anyone there.

But the Turks turned Constantinople into Istanbul with the same makar, they didn't rename the city specifically, they just pronounced the original name that way.

Heresy.
Constantinople never turned into Istanbul; it was called Istanbul by the non-Turkish speakers of Asia Minor - and later by the Arab conquerors. The name is a distorted Greek expression, otherwise pronounced as Istanbul, and again-no one "threw out" anything.

Accordingly, the reading rules should also be for Latin.

In principle, yes.
But there are well-established traditions that are often wrong linguistically (for example, "s" before "a" is usually read in a sonorous way, like "z"), but people write and read randomly-and no one is fooling around.
In the truest version, it is easier to translate concepts like "cactus-loving bees", for which we have no direct equivalents, formally ("cactus bees") and with a footnote for explanation.

is it acceptable to call euglossin bees "orchid bees"in Russian?

In principle, yes; or "orchid".
But the term already seems to be there, euglossins are euglossins, everything is clear.

There is an old tradition of transliteration, now forgotten, it always gives "ev" - Euphanasia, for example.
And there is a new one that offers " e " - and Euphanasia becomes euthanasia.
In ecclesiastical literature, the canon requires adhering to the old one - hence the Eucharist and the gospel; in scientific literature, it seems to be still new.
The second letter is transliterated in different ways, usually based on the transliterator's desire and some non-formalized euphony. Well, there are euglossins, you can call them euglossins-whatever you like.

And to read " xen " as "zen" is such nonsense that there is nothing to say.
After that, all that remains is to replace "Mikhail" with "Michael" in the Russian internal passport - that's right, in Cyrillic.
And Ksenia will become Zenia, oyushki.

This post was edited by xoshAmadam - 01.04.2017 23: 55

02.04.2017 15:31, xoshAmadam

So, is there such a name in the Russian scientific literature?

There is.

And about "ze -" and " xe-" we recall at least Xena (Xena) - the one who is the queen of warriors.

What for?
Someone out of lack of professionalism or with some intent blurted out, now we need to multiply and distribute it?

There is a Russian transliteration, it is traditional, familiar and close to the original Greek, unlike the English one.
Russian in general is much closer to English than Greek phonetically, and initially, and a different history of the language, and a strong influence through religious literature.

"Istanbul/Istanbul/Istanbul " is nothing more than "Constantinople"distorted by the local Turkic-speaking peoples (if they don't like the Turks, even if this is the same thing in this case). By the way, I even came across a note on the evolution of this transformation (step by step), but I'm too lazy to search now.

Once again, the word "Constantinople "has nothing to do with the word" Istanbul". Interesting story - Google it yourself, I'm too lazy.

05.04.2017 16:51, ИНО

There is no reason to say that this is exactly ultra-sound, and not infra - or simply. In general, what is meant? Vibration from the wing muscles, for example, when a bumblebee climbs into a flower and does "pee-pee-pee"? If so, then in this very "pee-pee-pee" already lies the answer about the frequency of this vibration.

P.S. I do not speak English, I used a translator: it seems that this is really exactly what I wrote about. And nothing is shared there, because "sonication" is also known as"buzz pollination". This should be translated as "vibrational pollination" and therefore it is not necessary to come up with a separate option for each synonym. Imagine if further down the text the author lists about 10 American folk names of some plant that is unknown in Russia. Are you going to translate each of them "head-on" in order to completely save the number of nouns in the sentence?