Rarest of the rarest

I support you!

First of all, Potosia bessarabica. I don't know how many finds there were, but I know that there were very few..

Anoplodera nigroflava (Fuss, 1852) reports that there were about 2-3 finds of this barbel from Romania.

More about Sikhote Airlines (as they say, almost first-hand) - http://www.zin.ru/Animalia/Coleoptera/rus/world1d.htm

By the way, I couldn't find any images of the Mantophasmatoidea squad anywhere. If anyone came across them on the web, please drop the link.

Here you can find photos of "gladiators"

http://www.museums.org.za/bio/insects/mant...todea/index.htm

And I was holding a freshly caught copy of mantophasmida...
Now it turns out that they are not so rare (South Africa, Namibia, Botswana). It's just that they didn't pay much attention to them.

Grylloblattina djakonovi Bey-Bienko , 1951) is one of three species of grylloblattids known from Russia. The type specimen was found in a rotten stump on Petrova Island in the Sea of Japan, which is part of the Lazovsky Nature Reserve, where the largest yew grove in the Far East grows, and is now on display at the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University. Regarding the number of specimens found, different authors differ - more often it is mentioned about one female, the same one, and, for example, http://www.floranimal.ru/ writes that " females and larvae were found, but no males were found."The female reaches 23 mm in length, has long cerci and an ovipositor. The species is listed in the Appendix to the Red Book of the Russian Federation.

This post was edited by Dracus - 26.05.2006 17: 21

Pictures:

medium.jpg — (12.36к)

Dracus
This data is outdated. In Primorye, the species has already been found in 14 places. Males were also found. Moreover, it was divided into two subspecies: Grylloblattina djakonovi and G. djakonovi kurentzovi (previously the latter was considered a separate species). In total, 4 species of cockroach beetles were found in the Russian Federation: two in Primorye, one in the Altai and one in the Sayan Mountains. The most interesting thing is that Russia is home to representatives of three of the 4 known genera of cockroach beetles, two of which are endemic. That is, this is the only order of insects that is represented in Russia by a larger number of genera than in other countries! But what is true is that these are very rare insects, lovers of cold and mountains. The discovery in the yew grove is completely accidental.

Ooo! Yes, it's really impressive! And where can I read about all this?! (It seems that the Entomological Review for the last 3-4 years does not mention these finds)

I tried to compile a list of famous modern gryloblattids of the world. please correct and update it if something is wrong. Which of them live here?
Genus
Galloisiana Caudell, 1924
Grylloblatta E. M. Walker, 1914
Grylloblattella Storozhenko, 1988
Grylloblattina Bey-Bienko, 1951
Namkungia Storozhenko and Park, 2002

1. Galloisiana chujoi Gurney, 1961
2. Galloisiana kiyosawai Asahina, 1959
3. Galloisiana kosuensis Namkung, 1974
4. Galloisiana magnus Namkung, 1986
5. Galloisiana nipponensis (Caudell and King, 1924)
6. Galloisiana notabilis (Silvestri, 1927)
7. Galloisiana olgae Vrsansky and Storozhenko, 2001
8. Galloisiana sinensis Wang, 1987
9. Galloisiana sofiae Szeptycki, 1987
10. Galloisiana ussuriensis Storozhenko, 1988
11. Galloisiana yezoensis Asahina, 1961
12. Galloisiana yuasai Asahina, 1959
13. Grylloblatta barberi Caudell, 1924
14. Grylloblatta bifratrilecta Gurney, 1953
15. Grylloblatta campodeiformis E. M. Walker, 1914
16. Grylloblatta chandleri Kamp, 1963
17. Grylloblatta chirurgica Gurney, 1961
18. Grylloblatta gurneyi Kamp, 1963
19. Grylloblatta occidentalis Silvestri, 1931
20. Grylloblatta rothi Gurney, 1953
21. Grylloblatta scudderi Kamp, 1979
22. Grylloblatta sculleni Gurney, 1937
23. Grylloblatta washoa Gurney, 1961
24. Grylloblattella pravdini (Storozhenko and Oliger, 1984)
25. Grylloblattella sayanensis Storozhenko, 1996
26. Grylloblattina djakonovi Bey-Bienko, 1951
27. Namkungia biryongensis (Namkung, 1974)

The only photo of Grylloblattella pravdini that I found. D. Aristov from Pin informed me that this species practically does not differ in appearance from Grylloblattina djakonovi

Pictures:

Grylloblattella_pravdini__Storozhenko_et_Oliger__1984_.jpg — (10.54 k)

A rare proctotrupoid hymenopteran. It was described in 1994 by M. A. Kozlov as Renyxa incredibilis in one specimen from Primorye. The male is 13.5 mm long. The species is placed in a separate family Renyxidae. Later it turned out that the name Renyxa was used earlier for tapeworms, and the genus was renamed Proctorenyxa, and the family Proctorenyxidae. Proctorenyxa incredibilis is known only from a few specimens from Primorye and the south of Khabarovsk Krai. So far, this is the only hymenopteran family endemic to Russia.


This post was edited by Juglans - 05/27/2006 06: 08

Storozhenko
's book "Systematics, Phylogeny and Evolution of Grylloblattid Insects" (1998) was published.

Proctos
In Russia are found
Galloisiana ussuriensis Storozhenko, 1988
Grylloblattella pravdini (Storozhenko and Oliger, 1984)
Grylloblattella sayanensis Storozhenko, 1996
Grylloblattina djakonovi Bey-Bienko, 1951 (with 2 subspecies)
And probably Galloisiana olgae Vrsansky and Storozhenko, 2001 - I have no information about this species.

I give a definitive table of genera (Namkungia is not there yet) - judge for yourself how much they "do not differ"

Subfamily Grylloblattinae Walker, 1914

Defining table of genera
1 (4) The posterior edge of the pronotum in the middle with a triangular protrusion, on the sides of which there are weakly sclerotized areas - the remains of paranotalia.
2 (3) The anal plate of the male is slightly or clearly asymmetrical, without a protrusion along the posterior edge. Lacinia with one prong. Pulvillae on the legs are short. Cerci 8-9-segmented ................. Grylloblatta
3 (2) The anal plate of the male is symmetrical, with a strong protrusion along the posterior edge. Lacinia with 2 prongs. Pulvillae on the legs are long. Cerci 9-10-segmented ....................................... Grylloblattina
4 (1) Posterior edge of pronotum without protrusion and paranotalia.
5 (6) Cervical sclerites along the inner margin with 2-3 spines. Posterior edge of the anal plate of the male with a barely noticeable rounded protrusion.........................................Grylloblattella
6 (5) Internal cervical scleritis the edge is without spikes. Posterior edge of the anal plate of the male with a strong, usually pointed, protrusion ............... Galloisiana

This post was edited by Juglans - 05/27/2006 06: 34

Storozhenko
's book "Systematics, Phylogeny and Evolution of Grylloblattid Insects" (1998) was published.

By the way, if someone is interested, then there is a young candidate of Biological Sciences Danila Aristov in PIN
http://palaeoentomolog.ru/Personnel/aristov.html
Author of more than 30 articles and a monograph on the evolution and phylogeny of grylloblattids (described more than 100 species and several families, from the Permian and Triassic) He made an amazing discovery: judging by the number of remains of grylloblattids and their ratio with other insects, they were then almost 1/3 of all insects in general! And unlike the modern ones, they were all winged.

So far, this is the only hymenopteran family endemic to Russia

Once again, life runs faster than we do. Proctorenix are found in Canada, and in large numbers, they just stood in boxes with undiscovered sphecid wasps.
Further described from China
are He J.-H., Ma Y. and Chen X.-X.. 2002. A new record of Proctorenyxidae from China (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea). Acta Zootaxon. Sin. 27(3): 630.
Well, this is understandable, it's close to us. Finally, Arkady Stepanovich Lelei personally informed me that, in principle, the proctorenix is not rare, it was just caught in the wrong place and not then.
Probably from my nickname it is easy to guess that I am engaged in proctotrupoid naezniki
and so everything that is connected with them warms my soul very much!

Pictures:

Proctorenyxidae0001.JPG — (39.31к)

By the way, if someone is interested, then there is a young candidate of Biological Sciences Danila Aristov in PIN
http://palaeoentomolog.ru/Personnel/aristov.html
Author of more than 30 articles and a monograph on the evolution and phylogeny of grylloblattids (described more than 100 species and several families, from the Permian and Triassic) He made an amazing discovery: judging by the number of remains of grylloblattids and their ratio with other insects, they were then almost 1/3 of all insects in general! And unlike the modern ones, they were all winged.

Surprisingly... I read from Storozhenko: "In Permian sediments, the remains of grylloblattidae are among the most common and often account for up to 30-50% of all insects" (p. 34). I believe that Storozhenko also did not make this "amazing discovery" - for sure, Martynov or Sharov wrote about it. And the fact that all the fossil species of this order are winged - this is also what Storozhenko has....

Regarding Proctorenyxidae, this is really unexpected. By the way, Arkady Stepanovich successfully became a co-author of the genus and family, having discovered the senior homonym.

Krivolutskoi forester (bark beetle) - Dryocoetes krivolutzkae Mandelshtam, 2001, collected three specimens on Verkhoturova Island off the coast of Kamchatka in the roots of Rhodiola rosea (golden root). The only bark beetle from the Subarctic. Described by: Mandelshtam A new species of bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) from Russian far East. "Far Eastern Entomologist" 2001. № 105 p. 11-12.
But I think that in Russia you can collect dozens of insect species known from single specimens.... And all from our vast expanses and lack of research due to the low density of entomologists per unit area...

Elizar
Yes, there are quite a few species described in 1 instance. But it's not even about them, but about something unique. Bark beetles and Subarctic insects are really rare.

I want to tell you about one very unique find, but not insects, but arachnids. In 1936, in the first volume of the "Animal World of the USSR" V. V. Redyakortsev placed a drawing of a new species of teliphones-Thelyphonus amurensis, found in Primorsky Krai. There is even a mention of this species in the Biological Encyclopedia. But Redyakortsev did not give a description. Soon the war broke out, Redyakortsev died of starvation in Leningrad, and the only specimen of Thelyphonus amurensis disappeared (as did the holotype Grylloblattina djakonovi). The view remained undescribed. No one else has ever found teliphones in Russia.

Surprisingly... I read from Storozhenko: "In the Permian sediments, the remains of grylloblattidae are among the most common and often account for up to 30-50% of all insects"

About the amazing discovery I put it in for a red word Of course it was only for me a discovery and not for Danila.

This post was edited by Proctos - 05/27/2006 19: 55

But I think that in Russia you can collect dozens of insect species known from single specimens.... And all from our vast expanses and lack of research due to the low density of entomologists per unit area...

It seems that the time of lone enthusiasts with nets is passing...
And although ZINA's huge collections are collected almost 100% by mowing with a net, however, this happened in about 50 years.
Now, for example, the volume of a million copies can be collected by 2-3 people per season or even less, using several dozen Malaise traps and several hundred yellow plates.
And these fees will include all those rarities that have been known for decades from a typical copy. For example, dipterologist Mikhailovskaya from the State Customs Service reported that in the summer of one year, using only 10 yellow plates, she collected more forid species than in 20 years by mowing with a net.
Yes, your humble servant has been fishing with a net for many years, and now, having switched to various traps, I collect dozens of supposedly rare species literally at home, in the park.

Proctos
"And although ZINA's huge collections are collected almost 100% by mowing with a net"
This is hardly 100% true, since a lot is collected in the light (especially moths and mayflies). Almost the entire collection of leaf blocks (the largest in the world) is collected by an exhauster. The collections of coccids, lice, and down eaters do not seem to have changed in 100 years.

Well, there are still rarities - they must be mandatory. Even if they are not very rare somewhere in a separate part of the former USSR. For example, this cicada Taihorina geisha is the only representative of the Machaerotidae family in Russia. It is found in the south of the Khasansky district, but outside of Russia its range extends all the way to South Vietnam!


This post was edited by Juglans - 05/28/2006 07: 52

Proctos
"And although ZINA's huge collections are collected almost 100% by mowing with a net"
This is hardly 100% true, since a lot is collected in the light (especially moths and mayflies). Almost the entire collection of leaf blocks (the largest in the world) is collected by an exhauster. The collections of coccids, lice, and down eaters do not seem to have changed in 100 years.

Of course, I meant groups traditionally collected by mowing with a net.

I think that the rarity or infrequency of a particular species in the fauna of Russia should be discussed only if it enters its territory only at the edge of its range (as in the case of the cicada Taihorina geisha)
In all other cases, this is just evidence that it was collected in the wrong place and not in the right way.

Proctos
But if a species is associated with a rare biotope or lives on a rare food plant , why shouldn't it be rare? For example, cave views. If there are rare species of land mollusks, then why not be rare species of wingless insects - for example, wingless carabids that live in the mountains?

Proctos
But if a species is associated with a rare biotope or lives on a rare food plant , why shouldn't it be rare? For example, cave views. If there are rare species of land mollusks, then why not be rare species of wingless insects - for example, wingless carabids that live in the mountains?

In this case, IMHO, it is more correct to talk about these types as narrow-local. Because in fact, there can be quite a lot of them within their range.

Two (known to me) species of butterflies that are really threatened with extinction. If the causes of their extinction are not determined in the near future and adequate measures are not taken to protect them, they may disappear during our lifetime.



Tomares nogeli (the picture is bad, but I didn't find another one)
Locally common Southern European golubyanka. Over the past decades, the number of habitats has been steadily decreasing, and this can not always be explained by anthropogenic impact. There are currently 2 known locations in Ukraine in the former Soviet Union.





Eudia spini
is widespread, non-local, suitable stations-the sea (can exist without problems in anthropogenic landscapes, for example, in gardens). However, the population density is decreasing throughout the range. The reasons are completely unclear. Now this species is not yet super rare, but if the trend continues, we may lose it...

Sources: about spini - V. Dubatolov (ISE), about nogeli-D. Morgun (MSU).

eh.. when nogeli also flew with us.. prichemkuchami, in one place. But the bastards of the authorities do not look at anything - they gave the place for a plot, buried the ravine, tomares nafig. we caught hundreds of them there every year.. I have 1 piece of 91 years-like the last year when they were seen

Pseudogaurotina excellens-Czechs write that they say that for about 50 years no one has met them. Who has the new data?

And then there's Goldia pacifica from Primorye. Golubyanka-tailed pigeon from the Blue Mountains.
Parnassius arctica from Yakutia.
A unique apollo from the Himalayas-Parnassius haningtoni, flying in April at an altitude of 6000m.
I remember the autumn bursa in Prague in 2005, where I saw a copy of parnassius acco gloria for 1000 euros.

But the most magnificent butterfly in my opinion is the peacock-eyed Actias chapae from the mountains of north Vietnam.
It has not been seen for 50 years, and Sinyaev collected a series in the early 90's.

"A unique apollo from the Himalayas-Parnassius haningtoni, flying in April at an altitude of 6000m."
I wonder at what temperature it is active? Or so the sun can warm up in the sun?

here, flying right at the edge of the snow. It flies very low, and when a cloud comes up, it literally falls and hides between rocks.

And if you can't believe it, then imagine the usual early-spring and late-autumn scoops, mid-range scoops that fly even at subzero temperatures. I caught them myself at a temperature of -6.

"And if you can't believe it, then imagine the usual early spring and late autumn scoops, mid-range scoops that fly even at subzero temperatures. I caught them myself at a temperature of -6. "
Imagine? -6? In Israel? What are you talking about?
In general, I believe that insects are active at subzero temperatures (I've never seen this myself)

Submit it? -6? In Israel? What are you talking about?

And in the mountains? At night?

"In this case, IMHO, it is more correct to speak of these species as narrow-local. Because in fact, there can be quite a lot of them within their range."

Of course, there can be many. But it can be very small. For example, are there many or few Evenks? Are there any methods for estimating the population size of rare insect species?

Chromocenter
here it is appropriate to recall the glaciers that are active from October to April, during thaws they are found in the snow. Their wings are reduced. Some mountain species are known only from a few specimens.

Of course, there can be many. But it can be very small. For example, are there many or few Evenks? Are there any methods for estimating the population size of rare insect species?

Comparing mammals and insects is not correct

Bad Den
Do you mean to say that there can't be rare insects in principle? This is unfounded...

Bad Den
Do you mean to say that there can't be rare insects in principle? This is unfounded...

I confirm with the same insistence that this or that insect is rare only for you and me. It's just that the importer didn't arrive at this point at the time of the maximum number. Otherwise, the view wouldn't exist. Ask any active collector and they will tell you where and how they collect rare species.

And if you can't believe it, then imagine the usual early-spring and late-autumn scoops, mid-range scoops that fly even at subzero temperatures. I caught them myself at a temperature of -6.

Leucobrephos middendorffi Menetries, 1858



A butterfly from Eastern Siberia that flies exclusively at low-zero temperatures, over snow. It is extremely rare in collections, because who would go from entomologists in the winter for one species that you don't know if you will meet or not?
In general, most of the species known from one or two specimens are either poorly studied or difficult to extract.

And really rare insects-IMHO it is narrow-local, known from a few points. That is, it is not insects that are rare in their habitat, but the habitats themselves.

Proctos
But why do you think that, say, a single population of a species of 500-600 individuals must necessarily die? The population genetics of flying insects and birds is basically no different. If insects can't be compared to birds, please provide a link where this is shown experimentally. In my opinion, this is absurd. If only because there are down-eaters and bloodsucking flies that are associated with only one bird species, and the species may be rare (there are plenty of them among birds). Or, say, leaf beetles and aphids that are only associated with a certain rare plant - again, they will be rare. If species are becoming extinct , why can't we deal with species whose numbers do not exceed several hundred and which will disappear in 100 years?
****
I remember my argument with a lepidopterist: he argued that there are no rare species of butterflies, and there is no need to be afraid of the extinction of species, since in Europe for 100 years of observations not a single butterfly species has died out. And recently I came across information (alas, I did not fix the link) that this is not the case.

Small population, large population.
In any case, the number is sufficient to maintain the population.
And often, indeed, they were found accidentally not where they should have been looking. After all, once the avtokrator was caught at an altitude of 2500m. So we started looking. And he is on the northern expositions at an altitude of 3500 m and not only on the Vanch and Rushansky ridges, and even not at all isolated specimens fly.

"And if you can't believe it, then imagine the usual early spring and late autumn scoops, mid-range scoops that fly even at subzero temperatures. I caught them myself at a temperature of -6. "
Imagine? -6? In Israel? What are you talking about?
In general, I believe that insects are active at subzero temperatures (I've never seen this myself)

Well, I'm sorry. The Moscow region is not Israel at all.
And in Moscow itself, I remember, at the beginning of November 2001, Operoptera brumata and fagata flew together with snow flakes in the area of the Novoslobodskaya pyadennitsa.

Juglans and others: here I wrote about Tomares nogelii, that it was there, it was only in 1 place (we naturally have it in other countries, but not enough), it was quite enough, they caught 100 kopecks per year (according to some sources), but they filled up that ravine and more. not yet.. what is not an example of rarity.. And if there was no other place!? Then it would disappear from the face of the earth!
Another example: klossiana from the Polar Urals, I don't remember the name. Winters, I don't remember in what condition (sorry for not accurate data), but at a temperature of -50 in the ground. how many caterpillars will have time to eat leaves in a short season, how many can hatch after such a wintering?!
Yes, another example: Potosia bessarabica (if anyone finds any data on this species, please post). Most likely some kind of hybrid, maybe Cetonia aurata mated with Potosia metallica or what could have happened, or who knows what could have happened, but a new species turned out, it is not known in how many copies.. and then what happened to him!? After all, this is a bronze-it could fly far away, find them easily and eat everywhere, and why does no one else find them? mysticism of course, can someone explain this fact?
Why shouldn't a species be rare? For example, if its distribution is far away, and its nutrition is weak (perhaps due to monophagy, or something else), then reproduction can be difficult, you can find a lot of reasons for making it difficult to increase the number of species, and this will make the species rare. This is not just a fantasy, but something that can actually exist, which means that rare species can also exist.