South and Central America

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11.03.2013 0:52, Hierophis

It was necessary to clarify what he meant by insects with incomplete transformation. By the way, it would be interesting to know the situation with butterflies and beetles in this regard.
What does it mean to "better ensure the dynamism of development and the emergence of new forms"? Why? The diversity is different in different groups. I think lepidopterolog is closer to the truth

Well, in general, yes, you need to compare what wasps actually are in Africa, for example, and what percentage of mimicry is used for them. I doubt that there is no direct such thing either in Africa or in Asia

And the best provision is in the sense that there are more factors contributing to the development of diversity, it seems that this is actually confirmed on average. The abundance of intersections of different types of biotopes, the vastness of the wet forests themselves, and at the same time the compactness of all this - all on one continent.

11.03.2013 21:07, CosMosk

Thank you, I'm glad that I was able to please someone with the report!
And I was still happy with the sounds, so drunk ?frogs?....
sounds

I wonder why there is no such thing in the Old World?..

Mimicry under licidus is strong-barbels, false chicken pox-I saw what and where Wallace caught-too. Ktyrei - under bees (I saw such and African) - itself pricked, Bees - under wasps. bedbugs and flies - under riders. Riders under something blue and red))
But we already have 3 types of tserkopis!!! It's like these cicadas.just like in the last photo...) Ass here of course, though collect chalcide... But in the Crimea in winter will not be boring((

The haymaker is absolutely enchanting.
I take it the body size is 15 millimeters? I wonder what he eats...

From this point - in more detail.
45 thousand rubles - for two people for two months?! This is generally a penny...
"Cheap camping" - how much per night?

Everything looks really cool

I don't know what these haymakers eat, but they're peaceful and smell like chemicals...
Someone saw a movie (like undergrowth) about such haymakers, or similar ones - they build a rather big arena and there the males force the females to lay eggs, and then take care of the offspring. At some point, small stray ants drove out as many as a few pieces on the path. And now, from the yellow plates, he pulled out a long-legged toddler, who is probably one of those who walk with ants. And this is-to special methods of collecting-I continue to get high and catch at home in alcohol what I didn't see there...
-------
About the money requires clarification. 45 thousand rubles in addition to tickets - for one, for 2 months. The visa was not used for another month. Hitchhiking is almost impossible in Argentina. I don't eat doshiraks on principle, even in India. "War is war, and lunch is on schedule," although lunch was just sacrificed - otherwise the whole day will be messing around with the kitchen. And I'd rather postpone the analysis of the material for the night than not have a cultural dinner in the evening. A cheap wine is a nice bonus, one of the three that is cheaper in Argentina than here. Eggs, cheese - just the same. Bread is rare and expensive. The rest of the food is more expensive than once a week 1,5-2-3, and very non-diverse (cook by yourself-rice, maize, lentils, beans, pasta - and that's it!!!). But to eat in eateries and live even in guesthouses on nesk.people in the room - will be ude expensive. After a soup (albeit a large one) in Buenos Aires for $ 20, I have never eaten like this before, and always asked in advance what is how much it costs. It is better to take pupaars - I realized that the card was charged at the rate of about 4 - 4.5 pesos per pupaar when buying tickets,and cash was changed at 5.5-6 pesos. Although this is a crime,but this does not frighten us))

Campsites-from free 1 time to $ 8 per person and the same amount for a tent. Hotels - by an order of magnitude and more cool. I would have lived in the bushes, but ..... water, power outlet, homeless people, reserves... Spaniards constantly go to the water for a day or rest, in such a place you can safely nestle. Sometimes we were treated to dishes of meat and pies, seeing how we garbage stardayat with some pots)

Visiting all sorts of attractions varies from free to expensive... Sobsno so that we can not get there ourselves, only on branded buses, and there is still pay for viewing and toilets - we did not even think to go to look at all sorts of Iguazu waterfalls. Yes, and for me-it's better to look at flies and mosquitoes than at the fact that even attempts to catch will not be...

This post was edited by CosMosk - 11.03.2013 21: 41

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11.03.2013 23:39, CosMosk

I don't notice any price differences between stalls in Russia and economy stores in Moscow (for normal semi-finished products). I observe a poor Moscow assortment, compared to the regions... About the high cost and hotels - I have already noted - that only they could be used to have a reasonable budget. Locals apparently eat meat and pies-empanados, but in general-apparently someone like.
Muhvoching - yes, the idea is in the air))! But to compare the richness of birds there in a single reserve, and we have just over 700 species of birds for the whole of Russia - not in favor of Russia. We should not protect anything at all, except for our poor surviving landscapes-alternative imho.

This post was edited by CosMosk - 11.03.2013 23: 46

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30.03.2013 1:41, Romyald

….A bird darted along the border of light and darkness, and nothing was visible on the screen, for all the local creatures were gathered at the light. And so I wanted to turn off the lamps and run somewhere far away, having finished this test, but the feeling of waiting in anticipation of seeing an interesting "beast" made me stand and stand and peer into the silent darkness of the forest, like a magnet that attracts any naturalist. And the fine, biting rain kept subsiding, then gathering strength, throwing up more and more new portions of insects. And there was no living place on our bodies from the bites of small creatures swarming in our hair all over our heads, under our clothes, even in our underpants. And gradually it became more and more clear why the forest was untouched and there were no people or livestock, and why this bird could not sit still, but was rushing around as if on cue. And even turning off the lights could not change anything, but only added to the hopelessness of our situation. It seemed that these creatures could even enter a closed car and eat a person alive. Devour, but not defeat, the spirit of entomological special forces.
And we took the fight, and crushed these creatures, and the whole car inside was littered with crushed midge. And the long-awaited calm came, then a blessed dream.....
And we counted our losses in the morning, and were afraid of our own disfigured faces, and there was no living place on the skin, and the whole body itched to the point of blood....
.... from the memories of the Chief of Staff.

Pink Peacock Eye.
Moscow, Russia (Sheremetyevo) – Madrid, Spain (Barajas) - Lima, Peru ( Jorge Chavez), this was our route. The group consists of the Chief of Staff ( your servant), an employee of the Trans-Ural special Forces ( Vyacheslav Doroshkin), and an old friend, a generator ( Kipor iG 770). The purpose of the trip – insects of hard-to-reach places in Peru. I will say right away that a trip to hard-to-reach places in the country became possible thanks to a successful selection of cars, because initially we booked a passenger car, and the route plan was more of a tourist one. And so I say special words of gratitude in honor of the car-Suzuki Grand Vitara, which, like a small, fabulous humpback horse, pulled us out of quite serious problems.
The roads of Peru are very different, from good ( tourist), to extreme, completely deserted, and absolutely dangerous. On such roads, you rather need to move on an all-terrain vehicle, or preferably a cross-country motorcycle. To bury a car on such roads is a piece of cake. We were also unlucky with the weather, which dictated its own conditions on the route. Continuous rains at the end of the wet season made our expedition a cat – and-mouse game, because no one could know where a tree would fall on the road, where mudslides would occur, or how much the river level would rise at the ford points. Therefore, we moved gradually, stopped where there were fishing points, and tried not to stay in one place for a long time. In total, we managed to pass the following route: Lima-Satipo ( on the way we found a good point for day and night in one bottle). Visited the Nat.Pui Pui Park ( having explored the areas from Terra templada to Terra frio), Satipo-Puerto Ocopa (along the way we found good places for day and night), Puerto Ocopa-Atalaya ( the best place to collect insects for our entire trip). Then we returned from Atalaya to Nats. Otisi Park ( the park remained inaccessible, and not surveyed, because there is no crossing over the Ene River, perhaps it was necessary to go from the other side, from the side of San Martin), then on a completely non-tourist route we drove from Satipo to the village of Villa Rica ( there we explored several interesting dead-end exits), from the village of Villa Rica, passed through a piece of Nats.Yanachaga Chemilien Park to Oxopampa village (here we found a good day and night), from Oxopampa village we planned to take a roundabout route to the highway to Pucalpu, but we could not because of the lack of roads at all ( probably not found). Near Oxopampa, for the first time, we carried out a short, night-time operation on foot with little result, despite the fact that the point was in the deep forest of the Nac.Yanachaga Chemilien Park. Then we moved to the village of Tingo Maria, hoping to explore the foothills bordering the Amazonas (Tingo Maria-Pucalpa highway). But after three night spots with frankly low productivity, we decide to return to Satipo ( I think the throw to Pucalpa was not necessary, because this city is located in a lowland, and the lowland is quite poor in insects, besides, memories of blood-sucking insects are still fresh in this place, though a dime a dozen). At the old points (Satipo, Satipo-Lima), we cleaned up what just flew in from the new one.
Despite the huge fee, I, as the Chief of Staff, rate our research and the result of the fees at three plus. We were never able to get a car to the Nat.Otisi Park, because of the blockage, we could not reach Atalaya (about 40 km left), and therefore we could not go along the route Atalaya-Poieni (the most interesting place, it is located in a remote forest, on the highway under construction), we could not find the Oxopampa-Pucalpa route to bypass tourist roads ( very interesting place). But, nevertheless, Slava Doroshkin and I were satisfied with the route taken, because the car had to be returned to the company in one piece. If firmachi knew where we went in their car, then of course they would treat all Russian tourists with caution. But, not only did they not find out about this, but they didn't even notice a single flaw on the body of our skate, and they accepted the car without any questions. That's why I add another half plus to our squad, and the overall score for the trip is pulled up to four.
Not without a few curious cases. On the way from Puerto Okop to Atalaya, we were chased off the road by local Indians, probably reported to them by boys who caught us with nets, in the process of catching butterflies. I could have easily put my "device" on them, but the rubble blocking our way to Atalaya left us no choice - we had to turn around in the direction of Satipo. This is probably the only case that left an unpleasant aftertaste in the soul, because people who are on the federal highway are inviolable and can move freely from village to village. The monetary reward of 30 sols, which I offered them, did not have the desired effect. God knows what they want! In general, my advice is: do not give these assholes one iota, and if you are being chased, then get ready and quickly look for a new fishing spot, because these goats are also not omnipotent, and they will not be able to chase the car for a long time.
Another case occurred in the National Bank of Ukraine. Yanachaga Chemilien Park. On the way from Villa Rica to Oxopamp, Vyacheslav and I were catching day butterflies, and we were so caught up in this process that we didn't notice how a park guard appeared from the bushes and began to shoot the entire fishing process with a camera. But the park is high-altitude, and some butterflies are endemic. Here fly rare satyrs and small Morphos, like Morpho Sulkowski from Nac.Pui Pui Park (possibly a subspecies).
The park attendant turned out to be a more loyal person, and despite the ban on catching insects, he allowed a little run for butterflies. Hunting, however, under the watchful eye of the guard was clearly not comfortable, and I made a few "empty" swings of the net to show the old man that we are suckers, and do not know how to catch insects at all. The security guard still took the passport data, which finally alerted us. We parted with him kindly. All that remained was to rely on the permit that had been ordered in Lima.
Otherwise, all the Peruvians we met treated the Mariposa hunters with condescension. Well, a tourist catches butterflies, and a tourist in Peru is a respected person.
It seems that I have explained everything that was important to you, but it remains to add photos and comments to the text.
In conclusion, I would like to thank my new partner Slava Doroshkin for his endurance in difficult situations, our Peruvian friend and colleague Manuel Miranda for the warm welcome, and for the timely preparation of a permit for the export of insects, the Eurocar company, for the magnificent Suzuki Grand Vitara, the Air Europe company, for the quality customer service during the flight, and everyone ( almost all of them) Thanks to the people of the democratic state of Peru for their hospitality and comfort at all stages of our expedition.
Lima. Peru March 2013...

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30.03.2013 1:56, Romyald

Peru

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30.03.2013 16:30, Sergey Rybalkin

Great trip and report!

But I want to comment on the car so that other people won't have any problems later.

Suzuki Grand Vitara is not an SUV, but a SUV, asphalt and the roadside are its elements, and for serious off-road driving you need: Toyota (Cruzaks, surfs, Hilux pickups), Mitsubishi (Pajero sport, el 200 pickup). Preferably a diesel engine, with less horsepower, much higher torque, which is VERY important for off-road driving! Maybe I forgot something else, everything else is PARQUET, the question is whether the parquet is large or small, but the parquet.
The SUV has a real, frame structure, and a rear continuous axle. Mechanical forced locks. If the " SUV " has an independent rear suspension, then this is parquet. For this reason, Nissan Passfinder, ixtreil and Mitsubishi Pajero 4, already parquet, only large size. Their patency is worse, that's a fact. And grad Vitara, like RAV4, cars for the city with the possibility of going to nature. In this regard, our Niva is even more of an SUV than the Grand Vitara, but there are other problems, reliability.
I think if you had a real SUV, you'd see a lot more.

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30.03.2013 19:29, Romyald

Great trip and report!

But I want to comment on the car so that other people won't have any problems later.

Suzuki Grand Vitara is not an SUV, but a SUV, asphalt and the roadside are its elements, and for serious off-road driving you need: Toyota (Cruzaks, surfs, Hilux pickups), Mitsubishi (Pajero sport, el 200 pickup). Preferably a diesel engine, with less horsepower, much higher torque, which is VERY important for off-road driving! Maybe I forgot something else, everything else is PARQUET, the question is whether the parquet is large or small, but the parquet.
The SUV has a real, frame structure, and a rear continuous axle. Mechanical forced locks. If the " SUV " has an independent rear suspension, then this is parquet. For this reason, Nissan Passfinder, ixtreil and Mitsubishi Pajero 4, already parquet, only large size. Their patency is worse, that's a fact. And grad Vitara, like RAV4, cars for the city with the possibility of going to nature. In this regard, our Niva is even more of an SUV than the Grand Vitara, but there are other problems, reliability.
I think if you had a real SUV, you'd see a lot more.

Of course, you are right

, but you should never forget about the gasket

. In my opinion, this is the main

thing .
Take my word for it that if I had the opportunity to put tractor tires

on the Vitar, you would be afraid to follow me in a Toyota or Mitsubishi

. Despite the 106 hp
, then there will be photos on which I will show you the capabilities of the Vitara with summer tires.
In addition, do not forget about the size of the base, weight and size of the car body. They, in my opinion, are the most optimal for Vitara, and are suitable for medium off-road driving. Only the ground clearance is small, which is increased by off-road rubber. The front and rear overhang + short base equates the Vitara SUV to off-road. And you can also get stuck in the mud on a tank.
Chief of Staff of Entomological Special Forces.

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31.03.2013 10:56, Romyald

Peru-S. Еxtensión.

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31.03.2013 12:56, Sergey Rybalkin

Of course, you are right , but you should never forget about the gasket . In my opinion, this is the main thing .
Take my word for it that if I had the opportunity to put tractor tires on the Vitar, you would be afraid to follow me in a Toyota or Mitsubishi. Despite the 106 hp
, then there will be photos on which I will show you the capabilities of the Vitara with summer tires.
In addition, do not forget about the size of the base, weight and size of the car body. They, in my opinion, are the most optimal for Vitara, and are suitable for medium off-road driving. Only the ground clearance is small, which is increased by off-road rubber. The front and rear overhang + short base equates the Vitara SUV to off-road. And you can also get stuck in the mud on a tank.
Chief of Staff of Entomological Special Forces.

Great photos and great places, but alas, I can't agree with you about the car.
In this case, nothing depends on the "gasket", because the ground clearance of the vitara is no, besides, this value is not up to some bulging place, but almost to the entire suspension of the car. It also has small wheels and the suspension stroke itself for serious trips, it will not run over a fire ditch, you can not even try. I often go to places where walking is scary, and sometimes even impossible, we have already passed, dropped people off, and about forcing mountain rivers, for example, in the Altai Mountains, the depth of which is up to..., vitara will just drown there and that's all. Well, you still have the same idea of roads as a typical city dweller. Sometimes just the eyes do not believe, and the car goes. In your photos, there is no off-road terrain, and the clay is smooth-yes, for the grand Vitara, there is more all-wheel drive needed and a lot depends on rubber, but in the Altai on stones, it is not possible to drive 3000m on the vitara, because the stone is not clay and it will be on the belly already at 1500, about wide mountain rivers, on at the bottom of which there are huge stones, I am also silent. It's great when you open the car door and immediately catch, for example, Parnassius eversmanni. I would have had to climb the vitar for half a day to get it.
The only thing you should not forget is what the car is taken for, and correctly, if there is no special extreme, then you should choose, as they say, "without fanaticism", but sometimes you miss the most delicious places in the expedition because of the car's capabilities. I think this was also the case on your trip. This is why I speak with confidence, because we go hunting with the company on the grand Vitara sometimes, mainly on the fields and on the pjerik, so, the field is much more passable, and the exit from the asphalt in the majority's understanding is not off-road, off-road is where there is simply no road. In fact, it's no longer about the padding, but about the off-road view, which, I've already figured out, you see in your own way.

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