Concept of development of protected areas of the Russian Federation until 2020

Come on, what are the grievances. However, unless on the one who, after the congress appeal to "you" for some reason, begins to shout out to old comrades on the forum

Andrey, yes, I also stubbornly thought that we were on you, but professional habit won

Thank you Andrew for the poems, pleased!
Yes, in the photo (Yeriklei steppe-found by us two years ago! I thought that this is basically impossible in our time-they say everything has long been known and studied - first I found this point from images from space... not for nothing did I study cartography at the university). Habitats of new and rare plant species and interesting insects!! (see the photo in this thread).
In my hand I hold a new plant for the Penza region (by the way semi-desert!) kohia prostrate (see the article in that collection...). Semi-shrub - it has a root that grows up to 4 meters in length. And in the same places, the first nests of the yellow-bellied stabbing spider were found (see video news).

This post was edited by Penzyak - 12/19/2012 11: 28

  

Shibaev S. V., Polumordvinov O. A. Review of the hymenopteran fauna (Insecta, Hymenoptera) Penza region. // Izvestiya penzenskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. V. G. Belinskogo. Natural sciences. 2012. Penza: PSPU Publishing House, 2012.

I read this paper carefully. If it's not a secret, what's so poor with the bees? Well, the almost absent Hylaeus, Halictus, Lasioglossum...This I understand, the types are very difficult to define...
But one Hoplitis and Eucera species, two Osmia and Tetralonia species each. This can't be happening.
Yes, and seven types of megahills...I only caught 10 types of megahills myself in the north of the Leningrad region. And you, with your steppes, should have more than 10 species without options.
It seems that Shibaev is engaged in bees. It seems that only bumblebees, and perhaps andras, were engaged in bee research.

Alexey, thank you for your attention to our research! You saw that this work is a banal report (refereed) on the grant. We have collected a lot of bees in the software, including new ones for the Russian Federation.!! The fact is that it is no longer really possible to determine by the green determinant... and there is almost nothing new about bees in the Russian Federation... especially the qualifiers. That is, this review was written by us as if to sum up what was on the software (that is, they cheated out the most banal and mass types of new products)... + we were forced to insert edits based on incorrect definitions of species by previous researchers, since we saw the material and could redefine it - for which I have already received a lot of scolding from my superiors, a complete kick-ass....). For a normal/correct definition of wild bees, now we need to translate foreign definitions and adapt them for us... and that means months and years of hard work... In addition, Sergey watched the collections of ZIN, the Moscow State University Zoo Museum and N. Novgorod...
For example, we have collected and identified about 70 species of sem. megahills only for the Penza region (probably no more than 40 species were caught in the entire Volga region...). As dedicated field entomologists, we want to collect the largest possible number of species for the area under study for publications. It is significant that this year, for the first time, no new species was found among the megahills!!? That is, it's time to write a big practical article in the refereed journal. The same goes for the Bulavousys... This year I found 152 species - Zegris eufema... But, I think that's enough, it's time to stop and write a big work on them on software.
So we don't just throw rocks (like "time to throw rocks"). but we also write articles ("time to collect stones"). What we wish to other entomologists and practitioners in the field. Only in this way, brick by brick, we will be able to put together a true picture of the insect fauna of the Russian Federation.

This post was edited by Penzyak - 19.12.2012 14: 38

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There are plenty of questions about this work. Some of them, of course, could be removed if the manuscript was viewed by at least one of the scribes.

Have you tried embracing the vast!?
The work was written (I wrote and co-authored four more in this publication) from the end of July to September 1 - the order of the authorities, for the grant you need to report. And on the street summer, Field season, dacha, in August my father buried (earth rest in peace), on vacation and was not... I went to an empty university, almost every day, surprising the watchmen and security guards-I checked, identified, compared, wrote, ruled, contacted specialists (have you tried contacting an entomologist in August?), etc., etc. By the way, I begged specialists to point out at least something to me about specific finds of riders from the territory of the Penza province and region.... kindly received a list of works where possible there are such instructions... I found a couple of articles, studied them, and saw that there is nothing specifically indicated on our territory... Well, I continued to work on more promising developments...

This post was edited by Penzyak - 12/19/2012 14: 52

We wrote what we knew at that time - in fact, it's hard to blame me that I do not know works on entomology related to the Penza province-region (this should also include the north-west of the Saratov province, which now applies to us), Mordovia (which spun off from us). I always searched for them, ordered them, and bought them (for example, the last article is the rarest (only two people in the Russian Federation have it (now have it)) - Yakovleva, 1862 on the butterflies of the Saratov province was searched for 12 years and cost me now another 2 thousand rubles) always and as much as possible.

And that we did not correctly identify the bees and wasps-spangles??? Can I be specific??

Maxim, that's why there is a preliminary review to indicate what we currently knew from the software emails. Here you are (as a specialist in your group) specifically and indicate what we do not know yet - but should know in your field! I absolutely do not see anything criminal and unworthy here!? We explore our entomofauna practically at our own expense and in our (even I - how wild it sounds) free time. You probably work in a specialized research institute and receive a salary + grants. I'm in ped. at the institute (we were merged into the Penza University in the summer-the former Poly), I get a salary of just over 5 thousand rubles, and from the grant for which I reported, they bought me a banal camera and two thousand with kopecks... I'm not joking quite seriously. Will you work under such conditions? I doubt it very much in our thoroughly market time...

This post was edited by Penzyak - 12/19/2012 15: 43

...you should also know the works on coleoptera, orthoptera, etc ... in botany... by zologiii.... by geography... on local lore... Maxim I can even work as a scout (but as Chapaev said in the movie, I don't know the languages). We were simply taught well by good teachers in Soviet times - for which I am sincerely grateful (I am a geography teacher if anything). And in the province, an entomologist is a little more than you think... if he is really an entomologist-field scientist, local historian and naturalist...

He who cares for his land - his small homeland... You should have seen Maxim what kind of young people are coming to us now... I can assure you that they will not just do something about it, which will be even more terrible for me to imagine... alas, these are the realities.

... yes, I completely forgot - about the" green " determinant. You don't think we're provincial at all, do you?.. If you want me to tell you a great secret , in a couple of years they will not just laugh at you for pointing out "green" determinants in faunal works, but also beat you in tables... So if you have them... sell it... as long as they're worth something... and it's not just about email volumes. Alas, these are the realities.

I delete my posts. The discussion went not in the direction of science, but in the direction of who earns how much and how hard it is for whom to live. Success in learning the nature of software and patience in the financial component of life.

Maxim in vain, please return it!
We don't live in a vacuum. You know that in a capitalist society, it is not the individual who controls the realities, but the realities that control the person.

Alexey, thank you for your attention to our research! You saw that this work is a banal report (refereed) on the grant. We have collected a lot of bees in the software, including new ones for the Russian Federation.!! The fact is that it is no longer really possible to determine by the green determinant... and there is almost nothing new about bees in the Russian Federation... especially the qualifiers. That is, this review was written by us as if to sum up what was on the software (that is, they cheated out the most banal and mass types of new products)... + we were forced to insert edits based on incorrect definitions of species by previous researchers, since we saw the material and could redefine it - for which I have already received a lot of scolding from my superiors, a complete kick-ass....). For a normal/correct definition of wild bees, now we need to translate foreign definitions and adapt them for us... and that means months and years of hard work... In addition, Sergey watched the collections of ZIN, the Moscow State University Zoo Museum and N. Novgorod...
For example, we have collected and identified about 70 species of sem. megahills only for the Penza region (probably no more than 40 species were caught in the entire Volga region...). As dedicated field entomologists, we want to collect the largest possible number of species for the area under study for publications. It is significant that this year, for the first time, no new species was found among the megahills!!? That is, it's time to write a big practical article in the refereed journal. The same goes for the Bulavousys... This year I found 152 species - Zegris eufema... But, I think that's enough, it's time to stop and write a big work on them on software.
So we don't just throw rocks (like "time to throw rocks"). but we also write articles ("time to collect stones"). What we wish to other entomologists and practitioners in the field. Only in this way, brick by brick, we will be able to put together a true picture of the insect fauna of the Russian Federation.

It's clear. Sorry. 70 species of megachilids is already much closer to reality.

... we were forced to insert edits based on incorrect definitions of species by previous researchers, since we saw the material and could redefine it - for which I have already received a lot of scolding from my superiors, a complete kick-ass....).

What are the scoldings for? The motivation of the authorities is not clear. Clarifying and correcting definitions is a normal process. Judging authors for incorrect definitions is not correct. It is necessary and important to correct them. Here you need to praise the entire team, both past and present, that the material is available. Many people write articles that cannot be rechecked because the source material is not saved. They can only be trusted... +-/-

This post was edited by Seneka - 12/20/2012 14: 30

...the fact of the matter is that they often write an article on bees, and the material/fees or kozheedy ate or students broke studying... there are a lot of examples! As well as questions to such authors!?? Especially those aged and not friends with the PC.... Well, it turns out that when there are articles on bees somewhere in the outback, where only "green" is used as determinants, this is already 25-35% of the mess in the definition ... alas. There are plenty of examples...
Yes, we now have exactly 72 types of megahill software. You need to write a large detailed article. I think that in the Volga region we will not soon be overtaken by someone in this group...

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From the new edition of the Red Book of Russia volume Animals-they want to exclude polixena... WHAT TYPES OF INSECTS IN RUSSIA WE WILL LOSE IN THE NEAR FUTURE, WHAT AWAITS US NEXT...

Polumordvinov O. A., Monakhov E. M. 2007. Polyxena sailfish Zerynthia polyxena ([Den. et Schiff.]) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) – a species in need of protection on the territory of the Russian Federation / / Problems and prospects of general entomology. Abstracts of reports of the XIII Congress of REO, Krasnodar (9-11. 09. 2007) - Krasnodar. pp. 285-286.

Polyxena sailfish Zerynthia polyxena ([Den. et Schiff.]) (Lepidoptera,
papilionidae) – a species in need of protection on the territory of the Russian Federation

O. A. Polumordvinov, E. M. Monakhov
Penza State Pedagogical University named after V. G. Belinsky
E-mail. entomol-penza@yandex.ru

[O.A. Polumordvinov, Ye.M. Monakhov. Zerynthia polyxena ([Den. et Schiff.]) (Lepidoptera,
Papilionidae), specie needed in guarding on the territory of Russian Federation]

Currently, even among entomologists, one can increasingly hear doubts about the very necessity of the Red Book of the Russian Federation and discussions about the feasibility of including certain insect species in it. It is an obvious fact that the nature around us under the influence of developing humanity inevitably changes to one degree or another, often almost irreversibly. This is caused by the construction of a new road, the flooding of a steppe gully under a pond, the construction of a house or the development of a suburban area, as well as global warming or the greenhouse effect. What is created for the benefit of humans, as a rule, reduces or completely changes the habitat of a certain plant community with animals living there and, in particular, insects (often highly specialized). In this regard, the creation of nature reserves, national nature parks and a network of protected areas on the territory of Russia becomes an inevitable process for a civilized state. This issue is particularly acute in the most populated and developed European part of Russia. Therefore, the collection of entomological material in individual regions of the Russian Federation, its processing, analysis of biology, ecology, and the biotopic affinity of species, followed by the publication of regional Red Books, is not just an important process, but also a necessary one. It is the analysis of the data presented in them in comparison with the general situation prevailing in the region that should directly affect the introduction of certain insect species in the new edition of the Red Book of the Russian Federation.
According to the existing Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (1997/2001), 33 species of Lepidoptera are subject to protection, and only 4 of them live on the territory of the European part of Russia. In the Red Data Book of the USSR (Animals, 1984), this gap was less noticeable, although it also included lepidoptera from the former Soviet republics. The "Annotated List of taxa in need of special attention ..." (Appendix 3 to the CC RF, 2001) includes 53 species of lepidoptera. Along with widespread (for example, Papilio machaon L.) or local (Coenonympha hero L.) species, it also includes species whose condition in the European part of Russia causes concern. One of them is Zerynthia polyxena ([Den. et Schiff.]), a narrow-locus species that lives in the floodplains of large rivers and their main tributaries in the south and partly in the Middle zone of European Russia. The monophagy of caterpillars on common kirkazon (Aristolochia clematitis L.) and the associated inability of the species to leave its biotope makes it dependent on the degree of economic development of the river floodplain. Anthropogenic factors that are extremely unfavorable for polyxena populations are deforestation and uprooting of floodplain forests, drainage (followed by plowing or building) of floodplain terraces, haymaking and grazing, and spring burning of dry grass. The construction of dams and flooding of some sections of the river floodplain cause reduction, fragmentation and, as a rule, complete isolation of individual populations of polyxena.

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Oleg, be able to see beyond the Penza Region. Just because it's rare doesn't mean it's everywhere. In Lipetsk, Voronezh, Volgograd and many other regions - the usual type. Leave it in the local Red Book, and all the solution to the problem.

Oleg, be able to see beyond the Penza Region. Just because it's rare doesn't mean it's everywhere. In Lipetsk, Voronezh, Volgograd and many other regions - the usual type. Leave it in the local Red Book, and all the solution to the problem.

Oleg, I completely agree with Yura, in 2011-2012 there was an incredible outbreak of polyxene in the Tambov and Lipetsk regions. butterflies and caterpillars were in the mass even in those places where we catch (other butterflies) for many years, but it was not noted. and now it's full of it, and I'm sure it will be no less next year. Polyxena is much more plastic than Apollo, so if it makes sense to protect it, then only at the regional level. Moreover, the warhead biotopes inhabited by it, if they are exposed to anthropogenic impact, then in such a small proportion that it can not even be called an influence. what is the fragmentation in figs, it sits under a bush-built a cottage - along the fence kirkazon remains-sufficient station. rich dacha-dogs run around the territory-so much for security. and if you consider that many terraces are fundamentally unsuitable for development, then there are plenty of corridors along any watercourse. there are simply regions where it is rare and a "habit" - "red book view of the USSR" a la swallowtail, because of which you can't throw it out of the "regionals" - "in the Committee.. they won't understand"

Yuri and Roman, you really surprise me...
What can I say here about the" Waves of Life " (see the works of S. S. Chetverikov) in insects???

.. Chetverikov's fundamental contribution to biology consists primarily of research in the field of evolution theory and population genetics. In 1905, while still a student, he introduced the concept of "waves of life" to population biology, describing the sudden mass appearance and then decline of certain species. These fluctuations in abundance change the boundaries of the species ' ranges, the concentration of various mutations and genotypes in the population. Waves of life are considered one of the most elementary evolutionary factors...

http://yandex.ru/yandsearch?text=%D0%B2%D0...lid=50368&lr=49

This post was edited by Penzyak - 06.02.2013 08: 51

 
... so she ring the lads ... I don't have time to feed everyone semolina porridge and wipe their snot...

What a beauty

  

Oleg, I'm not a fan of semolina porridge, but I think I saw something about waves in a cartoon
Did you read further than the second sentence, or did you immediately get a "wave" of indignation?

Yuri and Roman, you really surprise me...
What can I say here about the" Waves of Life " (see the works of S. S. Chetverikov) in insects???

Oleg, then explain about the waves of Polixena's life. I didn't write about them. Wrote about the observed: the number of polyxena in the Lipetsk region is high, there are many populations. All 35 years that I have known and observed this species in our region.

Polumordvinov O. A., Monakhov E. M. 2007. Polyxena sailfish Zerynthia polyxena ([Den. et Schiff.]) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) – a species in need of protection on the territory of the Russian Federation / / Problems and prospects of general entomology. Abstracts of reports of the XIII Congress of REO, Krasnodar (9-11. 09. 2007) - Krasnodar. pp. 285-286.

Currently, even among entomologists, one can increasingly hear doubts about the very necessity of the Red Book of the Russian Federation and discussions about the feasibility of including certain insect species in it.

This is true; it is a pity that the authors did not ask the reasons for this in the above text, because it is clearly not that entomologists do not know the platitudes that the authors report about anthropogenic change in nature.

What is created for the benefit of humans, as a rule, reduces or completely changes the habitat of a certain plant community with animals living there and, in particular, insects (often highly specialized). In this regard, the creation of nature reserves, national nature parks and a network of protected areas on the territory of Russia becomes an inevitable process for a civilized state. This issue is particularly acute in the most populated and developed European part of Russia. Therefore, the collection of entomological material in individual regions of the Russian Federation, its processing, analysis of biology, ecology, and biotopic confinement of species...

Ek everything is subtly noticed; but wouldn't collection, processing, analysis, etc., be our sacred work in a favorable situation? Entomology did this even when no CC was known, and entomology was not built by guards at all.

..with the subsequent publication of regional Red Books – this is not only an important process, but also a necessary one.

Uh, no, it doesn't follow any such "therefore", science is science, and CC has nothing to do with it. On the contrary, the population leapfrog of insect species associated with the waves of life known to you turns the fixation of rare species on a particular day into a comedy that is very far from science. Especially if this day is announced not daily, but every few years. To change the lists back and forth every time, here and there abandoning the creation of one reserve and immediately starting the creation of another, etc. - this, strictly speaking, is the logic of regularly rewriting what is rare today, and only a small practical demand for this very CC in its entomological part saves us from this clowning. the fact that this particular part of the CC is less interesting for the rest of society than for its ardent authors. Science is obliged to know the population situation and be able to provide an entomological examination of a certain area every day (among other things), but the need for some kind of QC does not follow from this in any way, this only implies a completely sufficient (if fulfilled) requirement to plant an official or developer who ignores the conclusions of such an examination. As for the commercial moment, which often has to be remembered, it just focuses on officially recording the species in rarities for the sake of inflating the price. But why would science need an extra manual for commercial data collectors? so that they don't waste time catching too much, don't exchange for cheap things, and only fight the very thing? And beyond the protection of individuals, at the level of biotope protection, strict application of the requirements of the entomological part of the CC would require, I repeat, in conditions of both biotope overflow and waves of life, in many cases at a gallop, to cancel one and start the other, this has already been repeatedly confirmed by examples that have never been refuted.

The monophagy of caterpillars on common kirkazon (Aristolochia clematitis L.) and the associated inability of the species to leave its biotope makes it dependent on the degree of economic development of the river floodplain.

Monophagy does not mean that the species is unable to leave its biotope, even if it is understood exclusively as a thicket of forage plants. Or do you want to name cases of monophagy that do not involve the inability to fly far from the biotope, sometimes from the subtropics to the Arctic Circle? This is a false connection in general (you, as a scientist, should have noticed this), and specifically for polyxena. It quite quickly develops newly formed very detached patches of kirkazon, in general, within the range (except for the outskirts, of course), the area of kirkazon without polixena caterpillars at the turn of May and June is the rarest exception in the same Voronezh region.

Anthropogenic factors that are extremely unfavorable for polyxena populations are deforestation and uprooting of floodplain forests, drainage (followed by plowing or building) of floodplain terraces, haymaking and grazing, and spring burning of dry grass.

Well, almost no banal person will be happy about these factors, but this does not imply the need to add polyxene to the CC, which these factors concern much less than many other insect species.

The construction of dams and flooding of some sections of the river floodplain cause reduction, fragmentation and, as a rule, complete isolation of individual populations of polyxena.

Bobrov is going to beat in the Oka nature Reserve? and on dry steppe gullies dams are not expected yet. The version about "complete isolation of individual polyxene populations" is another fruit of the author's complete isolation from third-party information about polyxene. Not even extreme diarrhoeal populations are completely isolated in polyxena, except for one or two completely random ones. This is not the right view. Even the newly formed population of the Moscow region cannot be considered completely isolated. What can we say about the stable range.

Yuri and Roman, you really surprise me...
What can I say here about the" Waves of Life " (see the works of S. S. Chetverikov) in insects???

.. Chetverikov's fundamental contribution to biology consists primarily of research in the field of evolution theory and population genetics. In 1905, while still a student, he introduced the concept of "waves of life" to population biology, describing the sudden mass appearance and then decline of certain species...

It is so convincing that waves alone are enough to drive up pessimism, and no man-made disasters are needed. Well, what types of banal insects at that time Chetverikov proposed to introduce just in case in the CC?

Once my friend "nerd" decided to make fun of me and posted a question on the network:
- What to do if a rare animal eats a rare plant!?
The answer supported by many was as follows:
"Kill them both, so they don't have to suffer!"

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Here on Alib.ru they sell a useful book:

Reimers N. F., Stilmark F. R. Specially protected natural areas. With the authors ' donation inscription on the title. Moscow, Mysl, 1978, 295 p., fig., schemes. Hardcover, regular format.
(Seller: BS-Orion, Moscow.) Price: 900 rubles. Buy
Specially protected natural areas - nature reserves, nature reserves, national parks, resort areas. The book attempts to analyze the geographical, economic and some socio-economic problems of forming a network of these territories. The main idea of the authors is the need to create a functional system of protected areas that would ensure ecological balance and optimal development of the economy. Circulation of 14,000 copies.
Condition: Excellent

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.....The version about "complete isolation of individual polyxene populations" is another fruit of the author's complete isolation from third-party information about polyxene. Not even extreme diarrhoeal populations are completely isolated in polyxena, except for one or two completely random ones. This is not the right view. Even the newly formed population of the Moscow region cannot be considered completely isolated. What can we say about a stable range?

Any polyxena population that is more than 5 km away from another neighboring population, if there are no thickets of forage plants between them, is highly isolated. This means that between such populations, genetic exchange is possible accidentally and rarely, due to the prenosses of butterflies by the winds. Since polyxena does not fly away from its stations for more than a few hundred meters, wind separation, "accurate hit" in another population and even more so leaving offspring there is an unlikely event. And the removal of 50 km makes the polyxene population almost isolated, when isolation is interrupted once in hundreds of generations, and it can be ignored.

I completely agree, but I will add that in the European part of the Russian Federation, I can imagine populations of this particular type with a circular separation of 50 km (and even 20) only in northern extreme conditions and no more than one and a half pieces, and in this case I would add "climatically doomed" to the word "isolated" - not today, so tomorrow, - and to protect butterflies from natural climatic processes, from fluctuations in the duration of periods of extremely low temperatures, snowiness of winters, etc.even the CC has not yet thought of it.

In the Voronezh Region, where it is much easier to observe the life of the polyxena in general, its range often follows the map with branchy bushes or ribbons, i.e. no population is isolated, but rather biotopically unsuitable "islands" like the backwoods of the Shipov Forest or - to some extent-forests in the area of Medvezhya Polyana are isolated. In general, in those regions, the species (if there are also large continuous areas) makes its way through ravines, the imago does not constantly need the proximity of the caterpillar's food plant, in any case, in the process of not very rare "reconnaissance" flights in polyxena, only the imago's food plants are needed. Among the thickets of kirkazon, the imago has nothing to feed on at all. The population result of such flights, of course, is not guaranteed, but it is not excluded, everything is decided by the presence or absence of kirkazon at the end of the journey. There are gullies longer than five km, but it hardly makes sense today to think about whether the imago will overcome such distances: there such long flights are absolutely not needed, on the gullies and edges of bayrachny oak forests, spots of kirkazon go much more often. Another thing is that huge areas of uplands, especially agrocenotic ones, also fall out of the range, but this does not create isolation of polyxena populations, which gradually spread out like tentacles between them at the bottom and edges.

By the way, to explain the fact that in the south of the MO, our comrades this year found a revived (clearly absent at the turn of the century, because the places are far from uncontrolled) extreme population, I assume a rather distant (rare, but due to the fecundity of insects and due to climate changes effective) flight, and-even more willingly - the fact that the nearest population, from which the Moscow region recovered, is really closer than five km away (there would only be someone to look for it and move to the sources, further establishing those spots of kirkazon, along the chain of which polixena reached the Lukhovitsky district this time). Actually, there would be warming, and the spots of kirkazon go north from the new old point much more often than five-kilometer steps, there are simply huge plantations of it in the south of the MO, so we may still have time to meet polixena near Beloomut, under Dedinovo and even further north (I'm not talking about that in this case, the feed base will also move synchronously further to the north, paving the way for the butterfly).

I CONGRATULATE ALL ENTOMOLOGISTS ON THE DAY OF RUSSIAN SCIENCE!!!
I wish you success in your research and new discoveries!!
For the preservation of biodiversity in the vast expanses of our Homeland!

This post was edited by Penzyak - 08.02.2013 10: 10

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This means that between such populations, genetic exchange is possible accidentally and rarely, due to the prenosses of butterflies by the winds. Since polyxena does not fly away from its stations for more than a few hundred meters, wind separation, "accurate hit" in another population and even more so leaving offspring there is an unlikely event.

Where did you get such information about the inability of polyxena to fly more than a few hundred meters away, from what scientific sources and observations? The much more sluggish flying and very sedentary sericine species travels tens of kilometers, registering in places where the species and its food plant have never been. For example, in the area of the ski station near the village of Anisimovka in Primorsky Krai (three catches), the Ussuri Nature Reserve (one catch), Russian Island (one catch), and some others. In all these places, there is no forage plant of this species. All the riverine floodplain glades and dry valleys where kirkazon grows, up to the mountain skiing station in Anisimovka, I have combed many times. I lived there for several years. Other entomologists also went there many times. There is no kirkazone or any sister populations of sericin. The nearest one is 12 km away. The Ussuri Nature Reserve, which has a relatively small area, is well-trodden along and across by botanists. Also no kirkazon. The nearest one is dozens of km away. My entomologist friend Vadim Zaritsky lived in Russian for several years. I drove my mochi and walked all over the island. And other entomologists, including your author, have been there more than once. Zero kirkazone. Where did sericins come from in these remote places? They flew in on wings. What for? If you read population biology, you will learn that some individuals of any species, including the most sedentary, migrate from populations. Individual individuals, a few percent of their entire "population", but they are and always will be, because in this way the species protects its populations and itself as a whole from extinction, ensuring genetic exchange between them and settling new places where it has disappeared for some reason or has not yet appeared. I am always surprised, to the point of bewilderment, by the approach of individual entomologists to this topic: if a species is stenotopic, then everyone in it, all its "carriers", is 100% stenotopic, and there can be no deviations, no migration genes in any individual individuals... because the view is stenotopic. That's about the logic. My observations on sericin, alcinous, apollo, arcticus and other butterflies, as well as research by Vyacheslav Gorbach and other authors, show that" migration " individuals still exist in stenopotamian species, and the idea of isolation of most of their populations is, to put it mildly, far-fetched. Polyxene also flies much better than the sluggish sericin. And if it (these individuals with the migration gene) is able to travel 12 or more kilometers, then what is the polyxena capable of?

No one has seen any polyxena at a significant distance outside of its stations. Although these places are well-trodden many times more than the Far Eastern ones. Ask at least Oleg Polumordvinov, he also lives in those places.
And I looked at the works of Gorbach that you "recommended" to me earlier. It turns out that I have seen these articles for a long time, looking through magazines in the Moscow library. There is no "population biology" that goes beyond the long-known field observations. Well, mnemosyne flew 5 km away from the station, so what? I also saw them 8 km away from the stations, and I saw many times how they fly along the edges of the forest during a mass summer. It's just that people have nothing else to do but mark day butterflies and "go from empty to empty" to catch them. It would be much more useful if they left the narrow specialization and expanded the faunal research of their regions.
And about your observations of sericins in the wrong places, we need to publish a message. Otherwise, all your observations will be lost in the ocean of the Internet.

..some individuals of any species, including the most sedentary ones, migrate from populations. Individual individuals, a few percent of their entire "population", but they are and always will be, because in this way the species protects its populations and itself as a whole from extinction, ensuring genetic exchange between them and settling new places where it has disappeared for some reason or has not yet appeared...

I completely agree, but I would only clarify that in some species (such as butterflies with wingless females, and not only), this ability may not be manifested (at least not necessary) in adults, being compensated by the migration capabilities of preimaginal stages. For example, in recent years, not only plumigera with a winged female (and what kind of wings are there, not a flight, but a complete disgrace), but also orthogrammaria with a wingless one have very quickly joined the banals. The second view, if I'm not mistaken, conquered Moscow from the east, but in the west of the city it appeared - for all its monovoltaic nature and for all the anthropogenic disturbance of the Moscow natural environment-literally in a season, and today we are already everywhere perceived as an old-timer...

The previous message is mine.

Addition for Lavr and for Yuriy. For the Belgorod, Voronezh and a number of other regions (to the south or at least not to the north of Lipetsk), the question of how far the polyxena imago will fly away from kirkazon, I do not see the need to raise. Even the most leggy of us will not be able to run on the road and 100 m from the nearest stall, if the stalls are located at a maximum of 90 m from each other! How to measure the limit of the intrinsic volatility of polyxene imagos in the same Voronezh region, if there are spots of kirkazon on the flight paths (and thousands of hectares of elevated arable land, etc. are not interested in polyxene) - that is, along the edges, ravines, roadsides, banks, etc. - sometimes they are not separated from each other even by 1 km? Even the most flying butterfly will come across kirkazon a hundred times on the way and will lay an egg if desired-both in shady places and in the sun itself. Well, God-killed kraiareal populations (where kirkazon is less common) are doomed to climatic pulsation in the course of natural history, here it is only necessary to compile the Red Book of Weather... In MO, by the way, there are also climatically pulsating plantations of kirkazon, where in some years it is a shaft after the season of absolute absence (since there are stable populations nearby), in others-a ball of rolling, as if a year earlier it was not here in the mass. If Polyxena crawls there, we can't guard her there... It is much more important, as Lavr writes, to expand the faunal research of their regions.

The previous message is mine.

Andrew! The delr is that the orthogramma did not conquer Moscow from the east, but was most likely brought to the capital's parks with d-eastern planting material. E. M. Antonova first told me about it, I don't even remember in what year, but back in the 20th century. And she couldn't identify it. In the early 21st century. I came across several of its males, which I took to ZIN, and there Mironov could not immediately identify them, and then Belyaev apparently identified them. I don't even know if there is any literary indication of the presence of this species in Moscow, except for the cross in the Zinovsky catalog in "region 8". Nowhere else in Heb. This species was not found in Russia, except for Moscow.
I looked up the isotherms of the coldest month for interest. It turns out that Moscow winters are about as cold as in Samara. And already in Kazan they are colder than in Moscow-the continentality affects. But polixena also lives north of Kazan on the Kama River, where the winter is colder than in Tver and about the same as in Arkhangelsk. This means that the Moscow climate has always been quite favorable for polyxena, because in Kazan and Vyatka it has been known since the time of Krulikovsky, not to mention Samara. You just don't have enough kirkazone, and it has a local distribution. And in the Tula region. kirkazon is generally a great rarity, and you shouldn't even dream about polyxena here, although there are many other steppe people.

Sometimes listening to the statements of some researchers regarding polyxena I want to say like Comrade Sukhov: http://citatyizfilmov.ru/video/213/?action=comment

By the way, its biology (however, like the kirkazon among botanists) is still far from being studied ... as we thought earlier. This is evidenced by the most interesting studies in Tatarstan... and in the Penza region there are quite a lot of unexpected facts from its biology... so much for the well-studied species...

This post was edited by Penzyak - 10.02.2013 10: 51

Last year I visited Tatarstan in July on the Sun River (right tributary of the Kama River). It was impossible to approach the river because of the bank of the Kirkazon that enveloped it. I asked the old-timers: "what is the name of this plant?". So they just shrugged their shoulders. They only knew that this plant appeared here a few years ago and that cows do not eat it.
This year there is a desire to go there in the spring and see how things are going with polixena.

The issue with polyxene in Crimea:
http://babochki-kryma.narod.ru/files/lib/B...02_polyxena.pdf

The issue with polyxene in Crimea:



 Budashkin_2002_polyxena.pdf

size: 311.82 k
number of downloads: 280

Laurel, I was talking about the south of MO, and there the spots of kirkazon are quite frequent and sometimes extensive, even if you count only those that I have seen live. In theory, why shouldn't the range border go further north, but I won't say today to Podolsk, but at least to the left bank of the Oka River in Serpukhov and Kolomna districts, since the frequency of feeding areas allows this without much volatility. Actually, one of our people (I remember T. mikee) once found a polyxena caterpillar in the Drying floodplain near the Crimea highway. But, apparently, the degree of latitude, isotherms and forage plant are also not all that determines the suitability of the biotope. Hell take them apart, these insects, what kind of trouble they need, I can name a number of species, about which I still don't understand what they lack in the MO (sometimes in neighboring regions), except for eggshells. Jutta once belonged to these species, but now it has long been found. M. russiae is already gaining momentum, and galatea is still known from the only luxury male caught by T. Macroglossum. In my first youth, the swallowtail was considered a desirable find among us, and not because I was looking worse then than now, but objectively, he didn't like it here, and that's all; and if you go to the side, even to the north of the Moscow Region, not to mention the Tula region, there was enough swallowtail even then. Now he likes it here, is ordinary, in the year before last and in Moscow became impudent for three clear generations (by the way, this let him down, since a considerable part of the third generation goes under the snow, leaving no offspring, and then guard - do not guard). It can be seen that progression and regression are very significantly affected by the primary biological shocks...

As for orthogrammaria, of course, this is a clear result of the importation, as you and other comrades have told me, but I only said about the east of Moscow because when it was first caught in Izmailovsky Park (and I included), it was not in the west of Moscow for some time (although there was someone to follow), but already in the early 2000s. it began to come across in one season in Victory Park, and in the next after it-a shaft to fly to the open metro stations of the Filevskaya branch, in the windows and entrances of houses in the western and south-western directions, and in the north-west (at the Voikovskaya metro station) it is already found on streets and boulevards. Initially, it is not a problem to bring the material from the Far East if there is a steam locomotive, but then dozens of kilometers across the metropolis can be covered in a few seasons on their own and without wings (!) - not a trifle, but evidence of the wisdom of mother nature, who also has legless people who settle God forbid...

This post was edited by A. J. Elez - 10.02.2013 15: 42