Lycaenidae

new shape with reduced wings

 
In fact, after correcting this error and inserting all the fragments into their proper places, it turns out that the sequence A pljushtchi is closest to the sequence of the nominative A. damone damone. Given the allopatry of pljushtchi in relation to A. damone, its interpretation as an independent species becomes extremely improbable.

Does anyone know if this information has already been officially published?

And how does this compare to what's between pljushtchi and damone damone? two more subspecies taxa (geographically)?

Today, a normal orion has already appeared-spring has come

Pictures:

orion_pupa_146.jpg — (46.9к)


orion___________1.jpg — (44.45к)


orion___________2.jpg — (37.17к)


orion___________3.jpg — (40.13к)


orion___________4.jpg — (43.82 k)


orion______.jpg — (39.57к)

It is possible to determine the species or at least the genus of this caterpillar golubyanka:
Penza region, south-east, stepnaya peschano-kovylnaya balka, July 30, 2011. A curtain of small legumes grew nearby...

Pictures:

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____________166.jpg — (216.36к)

It is possible to determine the species or at least the genus of this caterpillar golubyanka:
Penza region, south-east, stepnaya peschano-kovylnaya balka, July 30, 2011. A curtain of small legumes grew nearby...

The clarity of the frames is sad, of course, but most of all it looks like Glaucopsyche alexis

This post was edited by bora - 08.11.2011 17: 03

Pictures:

alexis_larva.jpg — (228.64к)

The clarity of the frames is sad, of course, but most of all it looks like Glaucopsyche alexis

Boris Vitalievich, have you ever seen Microdon (Diptera: Syrphidae) larvae in anthills, where pigeons are found?

Pictures:

Microdon_sp..jpg — (140.6к)


Microdon_larva_by_barry_1.jpg — (151к)


Microdon_larva_by_barry_2.jpg — (138.27к)

Boris Vitalievich, have you ever seen Microdon (Diptera: Syrphidae) larvae in anthills, where pigeons are found?

To be honest, I am rather one-sided and my vision mainly identifies objects that interest me. But here is such a thing, I think, I really saw and even quite marveled at it (especially the brown mesh that seems to be entwining it). Now I just don't remember whether it was in the sands of the Don Delta (where Lasius and Formica are mostly located), or in Jamagat. I will definitely focus on the next season.

To be honest, I am rather one-sided and my vision mainly identifies objects that interest me. But here is such a thing, I think, I really saw and even quite marveled at it (especially the brown mesh that seems to be entwining it). Now I just don't remember whether it was in the sands of the Don Delta (where Lasius and Formica are mostly located), or in Jamagat. I will definitely focus on the next season.

Thanks! The larvae of these strange babblers are now under close attention. They are already wonderful-despite the fact that they have been described several times as mollusks, and imagos do not feed on them (!). But recently they began to split them up. It turned out that many of the finds of Microdon mutabilis actually belong to M. myrmicae, described quite recently (from GB!) found only on Myrmica scabrinodis. Which differs well in larvae and pupae from the same mutabilis. But if the larva has such an "all-encompassing" grid , it's devius / analis / miki / major. This is a brave new world, "Green" is resting on the sidelines... Needless to say, I will be happy with any fixed, and even more so impaled material...

I will be glad to any fixed, and even more so impaled material...

And who to prick that? Larvae? Or imago, and larvae are better in alcohol?

Boris Vitalievich, thank you VERY MUCH for identifying the golubyanka caterpillar!!!
The photo is certainly not very good (the camera is simple, for biotopes), and I shot it literally on the go...
Here's what I think: the caterpillar was alive, the ant (forager) of the steppe runner was dragging it to the anthill - and that the caterpillars of Alexis are also myrmecophiles?? Another interesting thing is that I have never seen any information that this semi - desert ant (specializing in weakened and dead insects-the maximum activity in the Middle Volga region is only during daytime heat) can have butterfly caterpillars in its nests...

I found a new website "Butterflies of Dagestan" on the Internet and a link to your work:
Biology. One generation develops per year. Years are observed from the end of April to the end of June. The caterpillars feed on various legumes: alfalfa, clover, peas, astragalus, broom, sainfoin, elm, pemphigus, etc. In their development, they are closely related to ants of various genera (Formica, Camponotus, Myrmica, Lasius, Tapinoma, etc.) (Lvovsky and Morgun, 2007). The pupa overwinters.

Detailed observations of developmental biology were carried out in the Rostov region (Stradomsky and Fomina, 2010). "The egg has a diameter of about 0.60 mm, a height of 0.30 mm, and a disc-shaped shape. The surface is fine-meshed. The egg color is white with a slight greenish tinge, the micropile is green. The female lays eggs one at a time on the leaves of caterpillar food plants: Vicia spp., Astragalus spp. The caterpillar leaves the egg from the 3rd-5th day after its laying. The length of the first instar caterpillar is about 1.0 mm. The color is light grayish-green with dark dots and spiracles. It bears long white bristles along its back and sides. The head is black. Immediately after leaving the egg, the caterpillar of the first instar eats the parenchyma of the leaf, and then looks for flower buds, chews through the petals and feeds by eating the anthers of the stamens. The color of the caterpillar becomes yellowish. With a body length of 2.3-2.5 mm, the caterpillar stops feeding and sheds after a day. The second instar caterpillar is yellow or light green, covered with hairs. There is a green stripe along the back, bounded by yellowish lines. Above the feet – a light strip. Between the dorsal and marginal patterns on each body segment, there are three rows of light strokes on each side, forming longitudinal stripes. The caterpillar feeds on the anthers of the stamens and the ovaries of the buds, sitting on the surface of the flower and gnawing through the petals or calyx of the flower. The caterpillar molts when its length reaches 4.0-4.5 mm. A third-instar caterpillar has the same habit and feeding pattern as a second-instar caterpillar. The caterpillar sheds when it reaches a length of 8-9 mm. The caterpillar of the older (fourth) age feeds on the leaves and flowers of forage plants. The caterpillar is green or red-crimson with a dorsal stripe of dark red or dark green, bounded by large white convex spots of triangular shape, a bright white stripe on the side above the legs and below the white spiracles. On the sides, between a row of triangular spots and a side stripe, there are two narrow stripes formed by oblique light strokes. The caterpillar is covered with short white hairs. The caterpillar's head is black. After reaching a length of 16.0-18.0 mm, the caterpillar stops feeding and pupates in the soil or litter after 2-3 days. The pupa is 10.0-12.0 mm long, convex, opaque, whitish-or grayish-beige, with a reddish dorsal stripe and dark spots expressed to varying degrees. The pupa overwinters."

Glaucopsyche alexis is a very facultative myrmecophile. Here, rather, the ants are golubyankophiles and like to devour the secretions of caterpillars.
And the fact that these ants, according to our understanding, do not seem to communicate with the caterpillars of pigeons, so this is purely our speculation. Ants do not know them and behave in their own way.
I dragged 70 tracks of Orion, which had never been seen there, into the Don Delta this year. So the ants stuck to them the very next day and even arranged "roofs" of sand over some of the caterpillars.

Pictures:

2.jpg — (224.06 k)


3.jpg — (223.65к)

Here are more ants and, in theory, an unfamiliar Orion.

Pictures:

4.jpg — (185.71 k)

And who to prick that? Larvae? Or imago, and larvae are better in alcohol?

Larvae in droves with goosebumps in 70 ethanol, if there is an imago - on a pin. At the very least, you can also add the imago to alcohol, but then I will still take them out and prick them. Boris Vitalievich, if you need anything, I'll take it by barter. I live in the Donetsk region, a couple of friends are pretty good Rhopalocera collectors. Yes, just now Shtil told me that the number of pigeon taxa in its collection is approaching a hundred...

Taking this opportunity-I ask all forumchan, if you will come across larvae, pupae, imago Microdon (in any area, from Israel to the Kuril Islands), - I take.
Especially valuable is the presence of biological information - in whose goosebumps it is collected. There is always something to change, we will discuss it. If something interesting comes up , I will be happy to co-author it.

Some Microdon imagos (Diptera: Syrphidae: Microdontinae)that have been taut in the turnet

Pictures:

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4695167717_73849e2b85_b.jpg — (144.49к)


4695802620_0ca7075e07_b.jpg — (179.72к)


Microdon.jpg — (144.03к)


Microdon_auroscutatus.jpg — (129.71к)


Microdon_eggeri.JPG — (169.39к)


Microdon_.jpg — (119.08к)


Microdon_.jpg — (148.29 k)


Microdon__devius__2.jpg — (187.92к)

Some Microdon imagos (Diptera: Syrphidae: Microdontinae)that have been taut in the turnet

This is a valuable addition, you always need to know the object of hunting, otherwise you would collect some ktyry. I'll try to help my neighbor.

This is a valuable addition, you always need to know the object of hunting, otherwise you would collect some ktyry. I'll try to help my neighbor.

Thanks!

Here are more ants and, in theory, an unfamiliar Orion.

By the way, they are strikingly similar to the aphid - eating larvae of the babbling flies of the genus Epistrophe.

Pictures:

2011_05_08_hoverfly_larva.JPG — (79.66к)

By the way, they are strikingly similar to the aphid - eating larvae of the babbling flies of the genus Epistrophe.

The meaning of the external similarity with the caterpillar of the golubyanka is, frankly, incomprehensible to me. The ant, which protects its aphids and which then needs to be deceived, can not be deceived by appearance, it operates more and more with smells. And for all sorts of birds or frogs with lizards, both the pigeon caterpillar and the fly larva are equally delicious.

By the way, they are strikingly similar to the aphid - eating larvae of the babbling flies of the genus Epistrophe.

By the way, there are more similar ones

This post was edited by bora - 09.11.2011 12: 34

Pictures:

caspicus_larva_4.jpg — (54.7к)

The meaning of the external similarity with the caterpillar of the golubyanka is, frankly, incomprehensible to me. The ant, which protects its aphids and which then needs to be deceived, can not be deceived by appearance, it operates more and more with smells. And for all sorts of birds or frogs with lizards, both the pigeon caterpillar and the fly larva are equally delicious.

Yes, the color is probably camouflage from birds. However, chemical mimicry has also been found in sirphid larvae.

Yes, the color is probably camouflage from birds. However, chemical mimicry has also been found in sirphid larvae.

I wonder if the ants are trying to milk the fly larva that mimics the caterpillar.

Since we are now actively collecting eels and extremely successful, it should be noted (and I also began to take all the ktyrei and "amazing" diptera at the same time..). I can say for sure that I caught such diptera-more often I came across such a type as Microdon_auroscutatus.jpg — (129.71 k). They appear in the heat. they are not very active, they behave as if they are pinned down and mostly released them as unnecessary... You will need to look at the fees - maybe there is something left...
But Boris Vitalievich found a curious photo on the Internet (without output data). Is that the pupae of butterflies (golybyanka??) attract ants or ???

Pictures:

________________.jpg — (39.14к)

I wonder if the ants are trying to milk the fly larva that mimics the caterpillar.

I haven't seen such observations in the literature, and I haven't seen them myself.

Since we are now actively collecting eels and extremely successful, it should be noted (and I also began to take all the ktyrei and "amazing" diptera at the same time..). I can say for sure that I caught such diptera-more often I came across such a type as Microdon_auroscutatus.jpg — (129.71 k). They appear in the heat. they are not very active, they behave as if they are pinned down and mostly released them as unnecessary... You will need to look at the fees - maybe there is something left...
But Boris Vitalievich found a curious photo on the Internet (without output data). Is that the pupae of butterflies (golybyanka??) attract ants or ???

I'm not 100% sure that the flies described belong to sirfids... I would be grateful for a photo if you can find it on the mattresses. M. auroscutatum is an oriental species, by the way, ours are characterized by just a more massive habit. In Ukraine, microdones are more likely a spring group, as they usually fly in May. And a very short one, about two weeks. They really behave like dumbfounded people, sitting silently by the anthills or flying sluggishly in the grass. The flowers don't have them, I mostly mowed them down.

.. it is quite likely that I saw-caught not in the summer but in May (just this year, for example, spring was so long that the spring fauna smoothly moved to the beginning of summer), I do not remember exactly, but it is absolutely certain that with the onset of heat above 20 degrees. That's right, I remember the "big and shaggy" individuals more - if I took them, I pinned them, I try to disassemble the mattresses right away... In general, I will look/report. What is a poorly understood group? Judging by the CC of the Leningrad region, diptera are generally known by the series from which they were first described...

Larvae in droves with goosebumps in 70 ethanol, if there is an imago - on a pin. At the very least, you can also add the imago to alcohol, but then I will still take them out and prick them. Boris Vitalievich, if you need anything, I'll take it by barter. I live in the Donetsk region, a couple of friends are pretty good Rhopalocera collectors. Yes, just now Shtil told me that the number of pigeon taxa in its collection is approaching a hundred...

Taking this opportunity-I ask all forumchan, if you will come across larvae, pupae, imago Microdon (in any area, from Israel to the Kuril Islands), - I take.
Especially valuable is the presence of biological information - in whose goosebumps it is collected. There is always something to change, we will discuss it. If something interesting comes up , I will be happy to co-author it.

You're doing Merodon.... Now Microdon? Microdon from Thailand will go?
I shouldn't have mentioned Microdon earlier, I would have brought it back already.

They really behave like dumbfounded people, sitting silently by the anthills or flying sluggishly in the grass. The flowers don't have them, I mostly mowed them down.

I have a couple known as Microdon eggeri, which I caught near the Formica pratensis anthill, so they behaved very energetically and temperamentally.... Procreation is not penis canis est

You're doing Merodon.... Now Microdon? Microdon from Thailand will go?
I shouldn't have said anything about Microdon earlier, I would have brought it back already.

Microdon is also a saint From Thailand, especially if you don't mind

.. it is quite likely that I saw-caught not in the summer but in May (just this year, for example, spring was so long that the spring fauna smoothly moved to the beginning of summer), I do not remember exactly, but it is absolutely certain that with the onset of heat above 20 degrees. That's right, I remember the "big and shaggy" individuals more - if I took them, I pinned them, I try to disassemble the mattresses right away... In general, I will look/report. What is a poorly understood group? Judging by the CC of the Leningrad region, diptera are generally known by the series from which they were first described...

Sirfids are a strange group-they seem so unscientific, fat and beautiful. A typical group for students. On the other hand, several species are described from Europe every year. Vujicic Vaughn even found a new genus for science in the Greek Rhodopes (he will publish it soon). And the Volga region sirfid fauna is poorly studied, for example.

I have a couple known as Microdon eggeri, which I caught near the Formica pratensis anthill, so they behaved very energetically and temperamentally.... Procreation is not penis canis est

So then sekas...

Microdon is also a saint From Thailand, especially if it's not a pity

not a pity, it still costs indeterminated

I want to outline one problem.
We made molecular markers of pigeon pups in European Russia. I began to make a cladogram for the COI gene, it turns out that Neolycaens rhymnus is not a sister taxon to the genus Satyrium (Fixsenia according to the catalog of Korb, Bolshakov), it is located INSIDE the genus. Made a complex cladogram for mitochondrial COI and nuclear ITS2. The picture is similar: the rhymnus is inside the caudates.
I thought maybe I had some mistake in the sequences and then took the COI-gene sequences from the genebank from the works of Lukhtanov and Dinca. The picture only worsened: the types of neolicene and satyrium generally alternate.
It turns out that either satyrium is a para-or even a polyphyletic genus, or the Neolicene genus objectively simply does not exist, and this is part of the genus satyrium.
I compared the genitals: the structure plan is the same for rhymes and caudates.
I compared the preimaginals – they are very similar both morphologically and in biology. Even the eggs of both rhymes and S. acaciae are equally covered with black hairs from the end of the female's abdomen.
Do you have any constructive suggestions on this issue?

This post was edited by bora - 14.11.2011 12: 46

Pictures:

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Neolycaena_Satyrium.jpg — (293.75к)

I want to outline one problem.
We made molecular markers of pigeon pups in European Russia. I began to make a cladogram for the COI gene, it turns out that Neolycaens rhymnus is not a sister taxon to the genus Satyrium (Fixsenia according to the catalog of Korb, Bolshakov), it is located INSIDE the genus. Made a complex cladogram for mitochondrial COI and nuclear ITS2. The picture is similar: the rhymnus is inside the caudates.
I thought maybe I had some mistake in the sequences and then took the COI-gene sequences from the genebank from the works of Lukhtanov and Dinca. The picture only worsened: the types of neolicene and satyrium generally alternate.
It turns out that either satyrium is a para-or even a polyphyletic genus, or the Neolicene genus objectively simply does not exist, and this is part of the genus satyrium.
I compared the genitals: the structure plan is the same for rhymes and caudates.
I compared the preimaginals – they are very similar both morphologically and in biology. Even the eggs of both rhymes and S. acaciae are equally covered with black hairs from the end of the female's abdomen.
Do you have any constructive suggestions on this issue?

I note that on" Tree of life " they have been in Satyrium for a long time:
http://tolweb.org/Edwardsia

Apparently, the same as with the Maculinea - Phengaris pair. Outwardly different, but internally the same. But still I don't think that with Satyrium.

I note that on" Tree of life " they have been in Satyrium for a long time:
http://tolweb.org/Edwardsia

This is true, but I do not know of any works stating this fact.
And in Fauna Europaea everything is the same as before.

This post was edited by bora - 14.11.2011 14: 25

Boris if for your new project you need photos of some rare species of pigeons in nature or specific specimens, write, be sure to send/provide.

And from which side and "what is your evidence" (C) Schwarzenegger.

Now I see.
The cladogram is very far from being taxonomically complete - I think that if it includes 80-90 percent of the available taxa, the picture will become much clearer.
The satyridae were combined with the nymphalids on the basis of cladistics (the same principle as is done above for the Neolicene), but without any molecular analysis (in 1964 it simply did not exist for butterflies). Kuznetsov and Stekolnikov put everything in its place - but unfortunately they published their work in the Entomological Review, which almost no one has read since the wild rise in subscription prices in the West.

 
combined on the basis of cladistics (the same in principle as is done above with respect to Neolicene

Who is here and who, above has already united on the basis of cladistics to edrena grandmother?
We simply present data on the PROXIMITY (and not on the cladistics) of the structure of DNA molecules. If users had the necessary programs in their hands, it would be much easier and more visual to give the sum of aligned sequences, and so you have to disfigure and write out these dendrograms (By the way, if you group even more species, the porridge of alternations of neolicenes and satyriums will be even stronger).
PHOTOS of genitals and developmental stages are given, and the obvious similarity is shown, not the cladistics. A question is asked, not a request to speculate about the benefits or harms of cladistics.

Pictures:

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